在一个目录中有多个以fgh开头的文件,例如:
fghfilea
fghfileb
fghfilec
我想将它们全部重命名为以前缀jkl开头。是否有一个单独的命令来执行该操作,而不是逐个重命名每个文件?
在一个目录中有多个以fgh开头的文件,例如:
fghfilea
fghfileb
fghfilec
我想将它们全部重命名为以前缀jkl开头。是否有一个单独的命令来执行该操作,而不是逐个重命名每个文件?
有几种方法,但使用rename可能是最简单的。
使用一个版本的rename (Perl的rename):
rename 's/^fgh/jkl/' fgh*
使用另一个版本的rename(与Judy2K的答案相同):
rename fgh jkl fgh*
您应该检查您的平台的手册页,以确定上述哪一种方法适用。
这是如何使用sed和mv一起执行重命名:
for f in fgh*; do mv "$f" $(echo "$f" | sed 's/^fgh/jkl/g'); done
根据下面的评论,如果文件名中有空格,则可能需要在返回文件名的子函数周围加上引号,以便将文件移动到:
for f in fgh*; do mv "$f" "$(echo $f | sed 's/^fgh/jkl/g')"; done
并不是每个系统都需要重命名。如果没有,就用壳层 本例使用bash shell
for f in fgh*; do mv "$f" "${f/fgh/xxx}";done
有很多方法可以做到这一点(并不是所有的方法都适用于所有的unix系统):
ls | cut -c4- | xargs -I§ mv fgh§ jkl§ The § may be replaced by anything you find convenient. You could do this with find -exec too but that behaves subtly different on many systems, so I usually avoid that for f in fgh*; do mv "$f" "${f/fgh/jkl}";done Crude but effective as they say rename 's/^fgh/jkl/' fgh* Real pretty, but rename is not present on BSD, which is the most common unix system afaik. rename fgh jkl fgh* ls | perl -ne 'chomp; next unless -e; $o = $_; s/fgh/jkl/; next if -e; rename $o, $_'; If you insist on using Perl, but there is no rename on your system, you can use this monster.
其中一些有点复杂,列表还远远不够完整,但是您将在这里找到几乎所有unix系统所需的内容。
安装Perl重命名脚本:
sudo cpan install File::Rename
在Stephan202的回答的评论中提到了两个重命名。 基于Debian的发行版有Perl的重命名。Redhat/rpm发行版的重命名为C。 OS X默认没有安装(至少在10.8中),Windows/Cygwin也没有。
这里有一个使用命令行Groovy的方法:
groovy -e 'new File(".").eachFileMatch(~/fgh.*/) {it.renameTo(it.name.replaceFirst("fgh", "jkl"))}'
使用重命名:
$ renamer --find /^fgh/ --replace jkl * --dry-run
一旦您对输出看起来正确感到满意,就删除——dry-run标志。
我建议使用我自己的脚本,它可以解决这个问题。它还有更改文件名编码的选项,以及将组合符号转换为预组合字符的选项,这是我从Mac上复制文件时经常遇到的问题。
#!/usr/bin/perl
# Copyright (c) 2014 André von Kugland
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
# DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
$help_msg =
"rename.pl, a script to rename files in batches, using Perl
expressions to transform their names.
Usage:
rename.pl [options] FILE1 [FILE2 ...]
Where options can be:
-v Verbose.
-vv Very verbose.
--apply Really apply modifications.
-e PERLCODE Execute PERLCODE. (e.g. 's/a/b/g')
--from-charset=CS Source charset. (e.g. \"iso-8859-1\")
--to-charset=CS Destination charset. (e.g. \"utf-8\")
--unicode-normalize=NF Unicode normalization form. (e.g. \"KD\")
--basename Modifies only the last element of the path.
";
use Encode;
use Getopt::Long;
use Unicode::Normalize 'normalize';
use File::Basename;
use I18N::Langinfo qw(langinfo CODESET);
Getopt::Long::Configure ("bundling");
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Our variables. #
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
my $apply = 0;
my $verbose = 0;
my $help = 0;
my $debug = 0;
my $basename = 0;
my $unicode_normalize = "";
my @scripts;
my $from_charset = "";
my $to_charset = "";
my $codeset = "";
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Get cmdline options. #
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
$result = GetOptions ("apply" => \$apply,
"verbose|v+" => \$verbose,
"execute|e=s" => \@scripts,
"from-charset=s" => \$from_charset,
"to-charset=s" => \$to_charset,
"unicode-normalize=s" => \$unicode_normalize,
"basename" => \$basename,
"help|h|?" => \$help,
"debug" => \$debug);
# If not going to apply, then be verbose.
if (!$apply && $verbose == 0) {
$verbose = 1;
}
if ((($#scripts == -1)
&& (($from_charset eq "") || ($to_charset eq ""))
&& $unicode_normalize eq "")
|| ($#ARGV == -1) || ($help)) {
print $help_msg;
exit(0);
}
if (($to_charset ne "" && $from_charset eq "")
||($from_charset eq "" && $to_charset ne "")
||($to_charset eq "" && $from_charset eq "" && $unicode_normalize ne "")) {
$codeset = langinfo(CODESET);
$to_charset = $codeset if $from_charset ne "" && $to_charset eq "";
$from_charset = $codeset if $from_charset eq "" && $to_charset ne "";
}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Composes the filter function using the @scripts array and possibly other options. #
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
$f = "sub filterfunc() {\n my \$s = shift;\n";
$f .= " my \$d = dirname(\$s);\n my \$s = basename(\$s);\n" if ($basename != 0);
$f .= " for (\$s) {\n";
$f .= " $_;\n" foreach (@scripts); # Get scripts from '-e' opt. #
# Handle charset translation and normalization.
if (($from_charset ne "") && ($to_charset ne "")) {
if ($unicode_normalize eq "") {
$f .= " \$_ = encode(\"$to_charset\", decode(\"$from_charset\", \$_));\n";
} else {
$f .= " \$_ = encode(\"$to_charset\", normalize(\"$unicode_normalize\", decode(\"$from_charset\", \$_)));\n"
}
} elsif (($from_charset ne "") || ($to_charset ne "")) {
die "You can't use `from-charset' nor `to-charset' alone";
} elsif ($unicode_normalize ne "") {
$f .= " \$_ = encode(\"$codeset\", normalize(\"$unicode_normalize\", decode(\"$codeset\", \$_)));\n"
}
$f .= " }\n";
$f .= " \$s = \$d . '/' . \$s;\n" if ($basename != 0);
$f .= " return \$s;\n}\n";
print "Generated function:\n\n$f" if ($debug);
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Evaluates the filter function body, so to define it in our scope. #
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
eval $f;
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Main loop, which passes names through filters and renames files. #
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
foreach (@ARGV) {
$old_name = $_;
$new_name = filterfunc($_);
if ($old_name ne $new_name) {
if (!$apply or (rename $old_name, $new_name)) {
print "`$old_name' => `$new_name'\n" if ($verbose);
} else {
print "Cannot rename `$old_name' to `$new_name'.\n";
}
} else {
print "`$old_name' unchanged.\n" if ($verbose > 1);
}
}
使用StringSolver工具(windows & Linux bash),通过示例处理:
filter fghfilea ok fghreport ok notfghfile notok; mv --all --filter fghfilea jklfilea
它首先根据示例计算一个过滤器,其中输入是文件名和输出(ok和notok,任意字符串)。如果filter有选项——auto或者在这个命令之后单独被调用,它会创建一个文件夹ok和一个文件夹notok,并分别将文件推送到它们。
然后使用过滤器,mv命令是一个半自动的移动,使用修饰符——auto变成自动的。使用前面的过滤器——filter,它找到了从fghfilea到jklfilea的映射,然后将其应用于所有过滤过的文件。
其他单行解决方案
做同样事情的其他等效方法(每一行都是等效的),所以你可以选择你最喜欢的方法。
filter fghfilea ok fghreport ok notfghfile notok; mv --filter fghfilea jklfilea; mv
filter fghfilea ok fghreport ok notfghfile notok; auto --all --filter fghfilea "mv fghfilea jklfilea"
# Even better, automatically infers the file name
filter fghfilea ok fghreport ok notfghfile notok; auto --all --filter "mv fghfilea jklfilea"
多步骤的解决方案
要仔细查看命令是否执行良好,您可以键入以下命令:
filter fghfilea ok
filter fghfileb ok
filter fghfileb notok
当你确信过滤效果不错时,执行第一步:
mv fghfilea jklfilea
如果你想测试,并使用前面的筛选器,输入:
mv --test --filter
如果转换不是你想要的(例如,即使用mv——解释你看到的东西是错误的),你可以输入mv——clear重新启动移动文件,或添加更多的例子mv input1 input2,其中input1和input2是其他例子
当你有信心的时候,就打字
mv --filter
瞧!所有重命名都是使用筛选器完成的。
免责声明:我是这篇论文的合著者。可能很快还会有bash生成功能。
(在我的Mac上)用Ruby做这个要容易得多。下面是两个例子:
# for your fgh example. renames all files from "fgh..." to "jkl..."
files = Dir['fgh*']
files.each do |f|
f2 = f.gsub('fgh', 'jkl')
system("mv #{f} #{f2}")
end
# renames all files in directory from "021roman.rb" to "021_roman.rb"
files = Dir['*rb'].select {|f| f =~ /^[0-9]{3}[a-zA-Z]+/}
files.each do |f|
f1 = f.clone
f2 = f.insert(3, '_')
system("mv #{f1} #{f2}")
end
使用find, xargs和sed:
find . -name "fgh*" -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} sh -c 'mv "{}" "$(dirname "{}")/`echo $(basename "{}") | sed 's/^fgh/jkl/g'`"'
它比@nik的解决方案更复杂,但它允许递归地重命名文件。例如,结构,
.
├── fghdir
│ ├── fdhfilea
│ └── fghfilea
├── fghfile\ e
├── fghfilea
├── fghfileb
├── fghfilec
└── other
├── fghfile\ e
├── fghfilea
├── fghfileb
└── fghfilec
会变成这样,
.
├── fghdir
│ ├── fdhfilea
│ └── jklfilea
├── jklfile\ e
├── jklfilea
├── jklfileb
├── jklfilec
└── other
├── jklfile\ e
├── jklfilea
├── jklfileb
└── jklfilec
使它与xargs一起工作的关键是从xargs调用shell。
#!/bin/sh
#replace all files ended witn .f77 to .f90 in a directory
for filename in *.f77
do
#echo $filename
#b= echo $filename | cut -d. -f1
#echo $b
mv "${filename}" "${filename%.f77}.f90"
done
重命名海量文件的我版本:
for i in *; do
echo "mv $i $i"
done |
sed -e "s#from_pattern#to_pattern#g” > result1.sh
sh result1.sh
在Solaris上,您可以尝试:
for file in `find ./ -name "*TextForRename*"`; do
mv -f "$file" "${file/TextForRename/NewText}"
done
这为我使用regexp工作:
我想要这样重命名文件:
file0001.txt -> 1.txt
ofile0002.txt -> 2.txt
f_i_l_e0003.txt -> 3.txt
使用[a-z|_]+0*([0-9]+.) regexp,其中([0-9]+.)是用于重命名命令的组子字符串
ls -1 | awk 'match($0, /[a-z|\_]+0*([0-9]+.*)/, arr) { print arr[0] " " arr[1] }'|xargs -l mv
生产:
mv file0001.txt 1.txt
mv ofile0002.txt 2.txt
mv f_i_l_e0003.txt 3.txt
另一个例子:
file001abc.txt -> abc1.txt
ofile0002abcd.txt -> abcd2.txt
ls -1 | awk 'match($0, /[a-z|\_]+0*([0-9]+.*)([a-z]+)/, arr) { print arr[0] " " arr[2] arr[1] }'|xargs -l mv
生产:
mv file001abc.txt abc1.txt
mv ofile0002abcd.txt abcd2.txt
警告,小心点。
我编写了这个脚本来搜索所有.mkv文件,递归地将找到的文件重命名为.avi。您可以根据自己的需要定制它。我还添加了一些其他的东西,比如从文件路径中获取文件目录,扩展名,文件名,以防你将来需要引用一些东西。
find . -type f -name "*.mkv" | while read fp; do
fd=$(dirname "${fp}");
fn=$(basename "${fp}");
ext="${fn##*.}";
f="${fn%.*}";
new_fp="${fd}/${f}.avi"
mv -v "$fp" "$new_fp"
done;
在文件列表上运行sed表达式的通用脚本(将sed解决方案与重命名解决方案结合在一起):
#!/bin/sh
e=$1
shift
for f in $*; do
fNew=$(echo "$f" | sed "$e")
mv "$f" "$fNew";
done
通过向脚本传递一个sed表达式来调用,然后是任何文件列表,就像rename的一个版本:
script.sh 's/^fgh/jkl/' fgh*
您也可以使用下面的脚本。它很容易在终端上运行…
//一次重命名多个文件
for file in FILE_NAME*
do
mv -i "${file}" "${file/FILE_NAME/RENAMED_FILE_NAME}"
done
例子:-
for file in hello*
do
mv -i "${file}" "${file/hello/JAISHREE}"
done
这个脚本为我工作递归重命名目录/文件名可能包含空白:
find . -type f -name "*\;*" | while read fname; do
dirname=`dirname "$fname"`
filename=`basename "$fname"`
newname=`echo "$filename" | sed -e "s/;/ /g"`
mv "${dirname}/$filename" "${dirname}/$newname"
done
注意sed表达式,它在这个例子中替换了所有;有空间。这当然要根据具体需要进行更换。
通用命令为
找到/路径/ /文件- name ' <搜索> *’- bash - c”mv $ 0 ${0 / <搜索> / <取代>}“{}\;
其中<search>和<replace>应分别替换为您的源和目标。
作为针对您的问题定制的更具体的示例(应该从与您的文件所在的文件夹运行),上面的命令看起来像这样:
找到。- name的海湾金融公司* - bash - c ' mv $ 0 ${0 /金融/ . jkl} ' {} \;
对于“演练”,在mv之前添加echo,这样你就会看到生成了什么命令:
找到。- name的海湾金融公司* - bash - c的回声mv $ 0 ${0 /金融/ . jkl}’{}\;
这是find + sed + xargs解决方案的扩展版本。
原来的解是这个和这个。
要求:搜索,修剪,正则表达式,重命名
我想重命名多个文件夹中的多个文件。 一些文件夹应该被删除。 我在cygwin上,不能让perl重命名工作,这是最流行的解决方案所需要的(我假设它很慢,因为它似乎没有修剪选项?)
解决方案
使用find可以有效地获取文件(带有修剪),并提供许多自定义选项。 使用sed替换正则表达式。 使用xargs将结果汇集到最终命令中。
例1:重命名*.js文件,忽略node_modules
这个示例查找文件并对找到的文件和重命名的文件进行回显。出于安全考虑,它目前没有移动任何东西。你需要用mv代替echo。
set -x # stop on error
set -e # verbose mode (echo all commands)
find "." -type f -not \( -path "**/node_modules/**" -prune \) -name "*.js" |
sed -nE "s/(.*)\/my(.*)/& \1\/YOUR\2/p" |
xargs -n 2 echo # echo first (replace with `mv` later)
上面的脚本转换为:
./x/y/my-abc.js
到这个:
./x/y/YOUR-abc.js
溶液分解
find "." -type f -not \( -path "**/node_modules/**" -prune \) -name "*.js" Searches for files (-type f). The -not part excludes (and, importantly does not traverse!) the (notoriously ginormous) node_modules folder. File name must match "*.js". You can add more include and exclude clauses. Refs: This post discusses recursive file finding alternatives. This post discusses aspects of pruning and excluding. man find sed -nE "s/(.*)\/my\-(.*\.js)/& \1\/YOUR-\2/p" NOTE: sed always takes some getting used to. -E enables "extended" (i.e. more modern) regex syntax. -n is used in combination with the trailing /p flag: -n hides all results, while /p will print only matching results. This way, we only see/move files that need changing, and ignore all others. Replacement regex with sed (and other regex tools) is always of the format: s/regex/replacement/FLAGS In replacement, the & represents the matched input string. This will be the first argument to mv. Refs: linux regex tutorial man sed xargs -n 2 echo Run the command echo with (the first two strings of) the replaced string. Refs: man xargs
好运!