我想做一些事情,比如:
MyObject myObj = GetMyObj(); // Create and fill a new object
MyObject newObj = myObj.Clone();
然后对未反映在原始对象中的新对象进行更改。
我通常不需要这个功能,所以当有必要时,我会创建一个新对象,然后单独复制每个属性,但这总是让我觉得有更好或更优雅的方法来处理这种情况。
如何克隆或深度复制对象,以便在原始对象中不反映任何更改的情况下修改克隆的对象?
我想做一些事情,比如:
MyObject myObj = GetMyObj(); // Create and fill a new object
MyObject newObj = myObj.Clone();
然后对未反映在原始对象中的新对象进行更改。
我通常不需要这个功能,所以当有必要时,我会创建一个新对象,然后单独复制每个属性,但这总是让我觉得有更好或更优雅的方法来处理这种情况。
如何克隆或深度复制对象,以便在原始对象中不反映任何更改的情况下修改克隆的对象?
当前回答
我喜欢这样的Copyconstructors:
public AnyObject(AnyObject anyObject)
{
foreach (var property in typeof(AnyObject).GetProperties())
{
property.SetValue(this, property.GetValue(anyObject));
}
foreach (var field in typeof(AnyObject).GetFields())
{
field.SetValue(this, field.GetValue(anyObject));
}
}
如果您有更多内容要复制,请添加它们
其他回答
不使用ICloneable的原因不是因为它没有通用接口。不使用它的原因是因为它很模糊。它不清楚你得到的是浅拷贝还是深拷贝;这取决于实施者。
是的,MemberwiseColone生成一个浅拷贝,但MemberwiseClone的反面不是克隆;可能是DeepClone,但它并不存在。当您通过对象的ICloneable接口使用对象时,您无法知道底层对象执行哪种克隆。(而且XML注释不会很清楚,因为您将得到接口注释,而不是对象的Clone方法上的注释。)
我通常只做一个Copy方法,它完全符合我的要求。
我已经创建了一个可接受答案的版本,该版本同时适用于“[Serializable]”和“[DataContract]”。我写它已经有一段时间了,但如果我没有记错,[DataContract]需要一个不同的序列化程序。
需要System、System.IO、System.Runtime.Serialization、System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary、System.Xml;
public static class ObjectCopier
{
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[Serializable]' or '[DataContract]'
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T Clone<T>(T source)
{
if (typeof(T).IsSerializable == true)
{
return CloneUsingSerializable<T>(source);
}
if (IsDataContract(typeof(T)) == true)
{
return CloneUsingDataContracts<T>(source);
}
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be Serializable or use DataContracts.", "source");
}
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[Serializable]'
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Found on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/78536/cloning-objects-in-c-sharp
/// Uses code found on CodeProject, which allows free use in third party apps
/// - http://www.codeproject.com/KB/tips/SerializedObjectCloner.aspx
/// </remarks>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T CloneUsingSerializable<T>(T source)
{
if (!typeof(T).IsSerializable)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be serializable.", "source");
}
// Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
if (Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
{
return default(T);
}
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
Stream stream = new MemoryStream();
using (stream)
{
formatter.Serialize(stream, source);
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
return (T)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of an object that is marked with '[DataContract]'
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T CloneUsingDataContracts<T>(T source)
{
if (IsDataContract(typeof(T)) == false)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The type must be a data contract.", "source");
}
// ** Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
if (Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
{
return default(T);
}
DataContractSerializer dcs = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(T));
using(Stream stream = new MemoryStream())
{
using (XmlDictionaryWriter writer = XmlDictionaryWriter.CreateBinaryWriter(stream))
{
dcs.WriteObject(writer, source);
writer.Flush();
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
using (XmlDictionaryReader reader = XmlDictionaryReader.CreateBinaryReader(stream, XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas.Max))
{
return (T)dcs.ReadObject(reader);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Helper function to check if a class is a [DataContract]
/// </summary>
/// <param name="type">The type of the object to check.</param>
/// <returns>Boolean flag indicating if the class is a DataContract (true) or not (false) </returns>
public static bool IsDataContract(Type type)
{
object[] attributes = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataContractAttribute), false);
return attributes.Length == 1;
}
}
我提出这一点是为了克服.NET的一个缺点,即必须手动深度复制List<T>。
我使用这个:
static public IEnumerable<SpotPlacement> CloneList(List<SpotPlacement> spotPlacements)
{
foreach (SpotPlacement sp in spotPlacements)
{
yield return (SpotPlacement)sp.Clone();
}
}
在另一个地方:
public object Clone()
{
OrderItem newOrderItem = new OrderItem();
...
newOrderItem._exactPlacements.AddRange(SpotPlacement.CloneList(_exactPlacements));
...
return newOrderItem;
}
我试图提出一个这样做的oneliner,但这是不可能的,因为yield不能在匿名方法块中工作。
更好的是,使用通用的List<T>克隆器:
class Utility<T> where T : ICloneable
{
static public IEnumerable<T> CloneList(List<T> tl)
{
foreach (T t in tl)
{
yield return (T)t.Clone();
}
}
}
我在Silverlight中使用ICloneable时遇到了问题,但我喜欢序列化的想法,我可以序列化XML,所以我这样做了:
static public class SerializeHelper
{
//Michael White, Holly Springs Consulting, 2009
//michael@hollyspringsconsulting.com
public static T DeserializeXML<T>(string xmlData)
where T:new()
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(xmlData))
return default(T);
TextReader tr = new StringReader(xmlData);
T DocItms = new T();
XmlSerializer xms = new XmlSerializer(DocItms.GetType());
DocItms = (T)xms.Deserialize(tr);
return DocItms == null ? default(T) : DocItms;
}
public static string SeralizeObjectToXML<T>(T xmlObject)
{
StringBuilder sbTR = new StringBuilder();
XmlSerializer xmsTR = new XmlSerializer(xmlObject.GetType());
XmlWriterSettings xwsTR = new XmlWriterSettings();
XmlWriter xmwTR = XmlWriter.Create(sbTR, xwsTR);
xmsTR.Serialize(xmwTR,xmlObject);
return sbTR.ToString();
}
public static T CloneObject<T>(T objClone)
where T:new()
{
string GetString = SerializeHelper.SeralizeObjectToXML<T>(objClone);
return SerializeHelper.DeserializeXML<T>(GetString);
}
}
使用System.Text.Json:
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/try-the-new-system-text-json-apis/
public static T DeepCopy<T>(this T source)
{
return source == null ? default : JsonSerializer.Parse<T>(JsonSerializer.ToString(source));
}
新的API使用Span<T>。这应该很快,最好做一些基准测试。
注意:不需要像Json.NET那样使用ObjectCreationHandling。Replace,因为默认情况下它将替换集合值。您现在应该忘记Json.NET,因为所有的东西都将被新的官方API所取代。
我不确定这是否适用于私人领域。