我想做一些事情,比如:

MyObject myObj = GetMyObj(); // Create and fill a new object
MyObject newObj = myObj.Clone();

然后对未反映在原始对象中的新对象进行更改。

我通常不需要这个功能,所以当有必要时,我会创建一个新对象,然后单独复制每个属性,但这总是让我觉得有更好或更优雅的方法来处理这种情况。

如何克隆或深度复制对象,以便在原始对象中不反映任何更改的情况下修改克隆的对象?


当前回答

虽然一种方法是实现ICloneable接口(在这里描述,所以我不会反悔),但这里有一个很好的深度克隆对象复制器,我不久前在代码项目中找到了它,并将其合并到我们的代码中。如其他地方所述,它要求您的对象是可序列化的。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;

/// <summary>
/// Reference Article http://www.codeproject.com/KB/tips/SerializedObjectCloner.aspx
/// Provides a method for performing a deep copy of an object.
/// Binary Serialization is used to perform the copy.
/// </summary>
public static class ObjectCopier
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Perform a deep copy of the object via serialization.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
    /// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
    /// <returns>A deep copy of the object.</returns>
    public static T Clone<T>(T source)
    {
        if (!typeof(T).IsSerializable)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("The type must be serializable.", nameof(source));
        }

        // Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
        if (ReferenceEquals(source, null)) return default;

        using var Stream stream = new MemoryStream();
        IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        formatter.Serialize(stream, source);
        stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
        return (T)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

其思想是它序列化对象,然后将其反序列化为新对象。好处是,当对象变得太复杂时,您不必担心克隆任何东西。

如果您希望使用C#3.0的新扩展方法,请将该方法更改为具有以下签名:

public static T Clone<T>(this T source)
{
   // ...
}

现在,方法调用简单地变成objectBeingCloned.Clone();。

EDIT(2015年1月10日)我想我会重新考虑这个问题,要说我最近开始使用(Newtonsoft)Json来做这个,它应该更轻,并避免[Serializable]标签的开销。(NB@atconway在评论中指出,私有成员不是使用JSON方法克隆的)

/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of the object, using Json as a serialization method. NOTE: Private members are not cloned using this method.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T CloneJson<T>(this T source)
{            
    // Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
    if (ReferenceEquals(source, null)) return default;

    // initialize inner objects individually
    // for example in default constructor some list property initialized with some values,
    // but in 'source' these items are cleaned -
    // without ObjectCreationHandling.Replace default constructor values will be added to result
    var deserializeSettings = new JsonSerializerSettings {ObjectCreationHandling = ObjectCreationHandling.Replace};

    return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(source), deserializeSettings);
}

其他回答

好的,这篇文章中有一些明显的反射示例,但反射通常很慢,直到你开始正确缓存它。

如果你能正确缓存它,那么它将以4.6s的速度深度克隆1000000个对象(由Watcher测量)。

static readonly Dictionary<Type, PropertyInfo[]> ProperyList = new Dictionary<Type, PropertyInfo[]>();

而不是获取缓存的财产或将新属性添加到字典并简单使用它们

foreach (var prop in propList)
{
        var value = prop.GetValue(source, null);   
        prop.SetValue(copyInstance, value, null);
}

在另一个答案中查看我的帖子中的完整代码

https://stackoverflow.com/a/34365709/4711853

当使用Marc Gravells protobuf net作为序列化程序时,接受的答案需要一些轻微的修改,因为要复制的对象不会被归因于[Serializable],因此不可序列化,Clone方法将抛出异常。我修改了它以与protobuf net一起使用:

public static T Clone<T>(this T source)
{
    if(Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(typeof(T), typeof(ProtoBuf.ProtoContractAttribute))
           == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentException("Type has no ProtoContract!", "source");
    }

    if(Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
    {
        return default(T);
    }

    IFormatter formatter = ProtoBuf.Serializer.CreateFormatter<T>();
    using (Stream stream = new MemoryStream())
    {
        formatter.Serialize(stream, source);
        stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
        return (T)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

这将检查[ProtoControl]属性的存在,并使用protobufs自己的格式化程序来序列化对象。

虽然一种方法是实现ICloneable接口(在这里描述,所以我不会反悔),但这里有一个很好的深度克隆对象复制器,我不久前在代码项目中找到了它,并将其合并到我们的代码中。如其他地方所述,它要求您的对象是可序列化的。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;

/// <summary>
/// Reference Article http://www.codeproject.com/KB/tips/SerializedObjectCloner.aspx
/// Provides a method for performing a deep copy of an object.
/// Binary Serialization is used to perform the copy.
/// </summary>
public static class ObjectCopier
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Perform a deep copy of the object via serialization.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
    /// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
    /// <returns>A deep copy of the object.</returns>
    public static T Clone<T>(T source)
    {
        if (!typeof(T).IsSerializable)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("The type must be serializable.", nameof(source));
        }

        // Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
        if (ReferenceEquals(source, null)) return default;

        using var Stream stream = new MemoryStream();
        IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        formatter.Serialize(stream, source);
        stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
        return (T)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

其思想是它序列化对象,然后将其反序列化为新对象。好处是,当对象变得太复杂时,您不必担心克隆任何东西。

如果您希望使用C#3.0的新扩展方法,请将该方法更改为具有以下签名:

public static T Clone<T>(this T source)
{
   // ...
}

现在,方法调用简单地变成objectBeingCloned.Clone();。

EDIT(2015年1月10日)我想我会重新考虑这个问题,要说我最近开始使用(Newtonsoft)Json来做这个,它应该更轻,并避免[Serializable]标签的开销。(NB@atconway在评论中指出,私有成员不是使用JSON方法克隆的)

/// <summary>
/// Perform a deep Copy of the object, using Json as a serialization method. NOTE: Private members are not cloned using this method.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of object being copied.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">The object instance to copy.</param>
/// <returns>The copied object.</returns>
public static T CloneJson<T>(this T source)
{            
    // Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
    if (ReferenceEquals(source, null)) return default;

    // initialize inner objects individually
    // for example in default constructor some list property initialized with some values,
    // but in 'source' these items are cleaned -
    // without ObjectCreationHandling.Replace default constructor values will be added to result
    var deserializeSettings = new JsonSerializerSettings {ObjectCreationHandling = ObjectCreationHandling.Replace};

    return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(source), deserializeSettings);
}

深度克隆就是复制状态。对于.net state,表示字段。

假设有一个层次结构:

static class RandomHelper
{
    private static readonly Random random = new Random();

    public static int Next(int maxValue) => random.Next(maxValue);
}

class A
{
    private readonly int random = RandomHelper.Next(100);

    public override string ToString() => $"{typeof(A).Name}.{nameof(random)} = {random}";
}

class B : A
{
    private readonly int random = RandomHelper.Next(100);

    public override string ToString() => $"{typeof(B).Name}.{nameof(random)} = {random} {base.ToString()}";
}

class C : B
{
    private readonly int random = RandomHelper.Next(100);

    public override string ToString() => $"{typeof(C).Name}.{nameof(random)} = {random} {base.ToString()}";
}

克隆可以通过以下方式完成:

static class DeepCloneExtension
{
    // consider instance fields, both public and non-public
    private static readonly BindingFlags bindingFlags =
        BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance;

    public static T DeepClone<T>(this T obj) where T : new()
    {
        var type = obj.GetType();
        var result = (T)Activator.CreateInstance(type);

        do
            // copy all fields
            foreach (var field in type.GetFields(bindingFlags))
                field.SetValue(result, field.GetValue(obj));
        // for every level of hierarchy
        while ((type = type.BaseType) != typeof(object));

        return result;
    }
}

演示1:

Console.WriteLine(new C());
Console.WriteLine(new C());

var c = new C();
Console.WriteLine($"{Environment.NewLine}Image: {c}{Environment.NewLine}");

Console.WriteLine(new C());
Console.WriteLine(new C());

Console.WriteLine($"{Environment.NewLine}Clone: {c.DeepClone()}{Environment.NewLine}");

Console.WriteLine(new C());
Console.WriteLine(new C());

结果:

C.random = 92 B.random = 66 A.random = 71
C.random = 36 B.random = 64 A.random = 17

Image: C.random = 96 B.random = 18 A.random = 46

C.random = 60 B.random = 7 A.random = 37
C.random = 78 B.random = 11 A.random = 18

Clone: C.random = 96 B.random = 18 A.random = 46

C.random = 33 B.random = 63 A.random = 38
C.random = 4 B.random = 5 A.random = 79

注意,所有新对象的随机字段都有随机值,但克隆与图像完全匹配

演示2:

class D
{
    public event EventHandler Event;
    public void RaiseEvent() => Event?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
}

// ...

var image = new D();
Console.WriteLine($"Created obj #{image.GetHashCode()}");

image.Event += (sender, e) => Console.WriteLine($"Event from obj #{sender.GetHashCode()}");
Console.WriteLine($"Subscribed to event of obj #{image.GetHashCode()}");

image.RaiseEvent();
image.RaiseEvent();

var clone = image.DeepClone();
Console.WriteLine($"obj #{image.GetHashCode()} cloned to obj #{clone.GetHashCode()}");

clone.RaiseEvent();
image.RaiseEvent();

结果:

Created obj #46104728
Subscribed to event of obj #46104728
Event from obj #46104728
Event from obj #46104728
obj #46104728 cloned to obj #12289376
Event from obj #12289376
Event from obj #46104728

注意,事件支持字段也被复制,客户端也订阅了克隆的事件。

如果使用net.core并且对象是可序列化的,则可以使用

var jsonBin = BinaryData.FromObjectAsJson(yourObject);

then

var yourObjectCloned = jsonBin.ToObjectFromJson<YourType>();

BinaryData在dotnet中,因此您不需要第三方库。它还可以处理类上的属性为Object类型的情况(属性中的实际数据仍然需要可序列化)