我想做一些事情,比如:

MyObject myObj = GetMyObj(); // Create and fill a new object
MyObject newObj = myObj.Clone();

然后对未反映在原始对象中的新对象进行更改。

我通常不需要这个功能,所以当有必要时,我会创建一个新对象,然后单独复制每个属性,但这总是让我觉得有更好或更优雅的方法来处理这种情况。

如何克隆或深度复制对象,以便在原始对象中不反映任何更改的情况下修改克隆的对象?


当前回答

创建扩展:

public static T Clone<T>(this T theObject)
{
    string jsonData = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(theObject);
    return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(jsonData);
}

这样称呼:

NewObject = OldObject.Clone();

其他回答

深度克隆就是复制状态。对于.net state,表示字段。

假设有一个层次结构:

static class RandomHelper
{
    private static readonly Random random = new Random();

    public static int Next(int maxValue) => random.Next(maxValue);
}

class A
{
    private readonly int random = RandomHelper.Next(100);

    public override string ToString() => $"{typeof(A).Name}.{nameof(random)} = {random}";
}

class B : A
{
    private readonly int random = RandomHelper.Next(100);

    public override string ToString() => $"{typeof(B).Name}.{nameof(random)} = {random} {base.ToString()}";
}

class C : B
{
    private readonly int random = RandomHelper.Next(100);

    public override string ToString() => $"{typeof(C).Name}.{nameof(random)} = {random} {base.ToString()}";
}

克隆可以通过以下方式完成:

static class DeepCloneExtension
{
    // consider instance fields, both public and non-public
    private static readonly BindingFlags bindingFlags =
        BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance;

    public static T DeepClone<T>(this T obj) where T : new()
    {
        var type = obj.GetType();
        var result = (T)Activator.CreateInstance(type);

        do
            // copy all fields
            foreach (var field in type.GetFields(bindingFlags))
                field.SetValue(result, field.GetValue(obj));
        // for every level of hierarchy
        while ((type = type.BaseType) != typeof(object));

        return result;
    }
}

演示1:

Console.WriteLine(new C());
Console.WriteLine(new C());

var c = new C();
Console.WriteLine($"{Environment.NewLine}Image: {c}{Environment.NewLine}");

Console.WriteLine(new C());
Console.WriteLine(new C());

Console.WriteLine($"{Environment.NewLine}Clone: {c.DeepClone()}{Environment.NewLine}");

Console.WriteLine(new C());
Console.WriteLine(new C());

结果:

C.random = 92 B.random = 66 A.random = 71
C.random = 36 B.random = 64 A.random = 17

Image: C.random = 96 B.random = 18 A.random = 46

C.random = 60 B.random = 7 A.random = 37
C.random = 78 B.random = 11 A.random = 18

Clone: C.random = 96 B.random = 18 A.random = 46

C.random = 33 B.random = 63 A.random = 38
C.random = 4 B.random = 5 A.random = 79

注意,所有新对象的随机字段都有随机值,但克隆与图像完全匹配

演示2:

class D
{
    public event EventHandler Event;
    public void RaiseEvent() => Event?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
}

// ...

var image = new D();
Console.WriteLine($"Created obj #{image.GetHashCode()}");

image.Event += (sender, e) => Console.WriteLine($"Event from obj #{sender.GetHashCode()}");
Console.WriteLine($"Subscribed to event of obj #{image.GetHashCode()}");

image.RaiseEvent();
image.RaiseEvent();

var clone = image.DeepClone();
Console.WriteLine($"obj #{image.GetHashCode()} cloned to obj #{clone.GetHashCode()}");

clone.RaiseEvent();
image.RaiseEvent();

结果:

Created obj #46104728
Subscribed to event of obj #46104728
Event from obj #46104728
Event from obj #46104728
obj #46104728 cloned to obj #12289376
Event from obj #12289376
Event from obj #46104728

注意,事件支持字段也被复制,客户端也订阅了克隆的事件。

由于我在不同的项目中找不到满足我所有需求的克隆器,我创建了一个可以配置并适应不同代码结构的深度克隆器,而不是调整我的代码以满足克隆器的需求。这是通过向要克隆的代码添加注释来实现的,或者您只需保留代码的默认行为。它使用反射、类型缓存并基于fasterflect。对于大量数据和高对象层次结构(与其他基于反射/序列化的算法相比),克隆过程非常快。

https://github.com/kalisohn/CloneBehave

也可作为nuget包提供:https://www.nuget.org/packages/Clone.Behave/1.0.0

例如:以下代码将执行deepCloneAddress,但只执行_currentJob字段的浅拷贝。

public class Person 
{
  [DeepClone(DeepCloneBehavior.Shallow)]
  private Job _currentJob;      

  public string Name { get; set; }

  public Job CurrentJob 
  { 
    get{ return _currentJob; }
    set{ _currentJob = value; }
  }

  public Person Manager { get; set; }
}

public class Address 
{      
  public Person PersonLivingHere { get; set; }
}

Address adr = new Address();
adr.PersonLivingHere = new Person("John");
adr.PersonLivingHere.BestFriend = new Person("James");
adr.PersonLivingHere.CurrentJob = new Job("Programmer");

Address adrClone = adr.Clone();

//RESULT
adr.PersonLivingHere == adrClone.PersonLivingHere //false
adr.PersonLivingHere.Manager == adrClone.PersonLivingHere.Manager //false
adr.PersonLivingHere.CurrentJob == adrClone.PersonLivingHere.CurrentJob //true
adr.PersonLivingHere.CurrentJob.AnyProperty == adrClone.PersonLivingHere.CurrentJob.AnyProperty //true

这将把一个对象的所有可读写财产复制到另一个对象。

 public class PropertyCopy<TSource, TTarget> 
                        where TSource: class, new()
                        where TTarget: class, new()
        {
            public static TTarget Copy(TSource src, TTarget trg, params string[] properties)
            {
                if (src==null) return trg;
                if (trg == null) trg = new TTarget();
                var fulllist = src.GetType().GetProperties().Where(c => c.CanWrite && c.CanRead).ToList();
                if (properties != null && properties.Count() > 0)
                    fulllist = fulllist.Where(c => properties.Contains(c.Name)).ToList();
                if (fulllist == null || fulllist.Count() == 0) return trg;

                fulllist.ForEach(c =>
                    {
                        c.SetValue(trg, c.GetValue(src));
                    });

                return trg;
            }
        }

这是你使用它的方式:

 var cloned = Utils.PropertyCopy<TKTicket, TKTicket>.Copy(_tmp, dbsave,
                                                            "Creation",
                                                            "Description",
                                                            "IdTicketStatus",
                                                            "IdUserCreated",
                                                            "IdUserInCharge",
                                                            "IdUserRequested",
                                                            "IsUniqueTicketGenerated",
                                                            "LastEdit",
                                                            "Subject",
                                                            "UniqeTicketRequestId",
                                                            "Visibility");

或复制所有内容:

var cloned = Utils.PropertyCopy<TKTicket, TKTicket>.Copy(_tmp, dbsave);

如果您已经在使用第三方应用程序(如ValueInjector或Automapper),可以执行以下操作:

MyObject oldObj; // The existing object to clone

MyObject newObj = new MyObject();
newObj.InjectFrom(oldObj); // Using ValueInjecter syntax

使用此方法,您不必在对象上实现ISerializable或ICloneable。这在MVC/MVVM模式中很常见,因此已经创建了这样的简单工具。

请参阅GitHub上的ValueInjecter深度克隆示例。

我想你可以试试这个。

MyObject myObj = GetMyObj(); // Create and fill a new object
MyObject newObj = new MyObject(myObj); //DeepClone it