受Raymond Chen帖子的启发，假设你有一个4x4二维数组，写一个函数使它旋转90度。Raymond链接到伪代码中的解决方案，但我想看到一些真实的东西。
[1][2][3][4]
[5][6][7][8]
[9][0][1][2]
[3][4][5][6]
就变成:
[3][9][5][1]
[4][0][6][2]
[5][1][7][3]
[6][2][8][4]
更新:Nick的答案是最直接的，但是有没有比n²更好的方法呢?如果矩阵是10000x10000呢?
当前回答
时间- O(N)，空间- O(1)
public void rotate(int[][] matrix) {
int n = matrix.length;
for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
int last = n - 1 - i;
for (int j = i; j < last; j++) {
int top = matrix[i][j];
matrix[i][j] = matrix[last - j][i];
matrix[last - j][i] = matrix[last][last - j];
matrix[last][last - j] = matrix[j][last];
matrix[j][last] = top;
}
}
}
其他回答
这是c#的
int[,] array = new int[4,4] {
{ 1,2,3,4 },
{ 5,6,7,8 },
{ 9,0,1,2 },
{ 3,4,5,6 }
};
int[,] rotated = RotateMatrix(array, 4);
static int[,] RotateMatrix(int[,] matrix, int n) {
int[,] ret = new int[n, n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
ret[i, j] = matrix[n - j - 1, i];
}
}
return ret;
}
这是我对矩阵90度旋转的尝试，这是c中的2步解决方案，首先转置矩阵，然后交换cols。
#define ROWS 5
#define COLS 5
void print_matrix_b(int B[][COLS], int rows, int cols)
{
for (int i = 0; i <= rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j <=cols; j++) {
printf("%d ", B[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
void swap_columns(int B[][COLS], int l, int r, int rows)
{
int tmp;
for (int i = 0; i <= rows; i++) {
tmp = B[i][l];
B[i][l] = B[i][r];
B[i][r] = tmp;
}
}
void matrix_2d_rotation(int B[][COLS], int rows, int cols)
{
int tmp;
// Transpose the matrix first
for (int i = 0; i <= rows; i++) {
for (int j = i; j <=cols; j++) {
tmp = B[i][j];
B[i][j] = B[j][i];
B[j][i] = tmp;
}
}
// Swap the first and last col and continue until
// the middle.
for (int i = 0; i < (cols / 2); i++)
swap_columns(B, i, cols - i, rows);
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
int B[ROWS][COLS] = {
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
{6, 7, 8, 9, 10},
{11, 12, 13, 14, 15},
{16, 17, 18, 19, 20},
{21, 22, 23, 24, 25}
};
matrix_2d_rotation(B, ROWS - 1, COLS - 1);
print_matrix_b(B, ROWS - 1, COLS -1);
return 0;
}
short normal[4][4] = {{8,4,7,5},{3,4,5,7},{9,5,5,6},{3,3,3,3}};
short rotated[4][4];
for (int r = 0; r < 4; ++r)
{
for (int c = 0; c < 4; ++c)
{
rotated[r][c] = normal[c][3-r];
}
}
简单的c++方法，尽管在大数组中会有很大的内存开销。
下面是我的Ruby版本(注意，值显示的不一样，但它仍然按照描述旋转)。
def rotate(matrix)
result = []
4.times { |x|
result[x] = []
4.times { |y|
result[x][y] = matrix[y][3 - x]
}
}
result
end
matrix = []
matrix[0] = [1,2,3,4]
matrix[1] = [5,6,7,8]
matrix[2] = [9,0,1,2]
matrix[3] = [3,4,5,6]
def print_matrix(matrix)
4.times { |y|
4.times { |x|
print "#{matrix[x][y]} "
}
puts ""
}
end
print_matrix(matrix)
puts ""
print_matrix(rotate(matrix))
输出:
1 5 9 3
2 6 0 4
3 7 1 5
4 8 2 6
4 3 2 1
8 7 6 5
2 1 0 9
6 5 4 3
在Eigen (c++)中:
Eigen::Matrix2d mat;
mat << 1, 2,
3, 4;
std::cout << mat << "\n\n";
Eigen::Matrix2d r_plus_90 = mat.transpose().rowwise().reverse();
std::cout << r_plus_90 << "\n\n";
Eigen::Matrix2d r_minus_90 = mat.transpose().colwise().reverse();
std::cout << r_minus_90 << "\n\n";
Eigen::Matrix2d r_180 = mat.colwise().reverse().rowwise().reverse(); // +180 same as -180
std::cout << r_180 << "\n\n";
输出:
1 2
3 4
3 1
4 2
2 4
1 3
4 3
2 1
