我如何确定两条直线是否相交，如果相交，在x,y点处?
当前回答
C和Objective-C
基于Gareth Rees的回答
const AGKLine AGKLineZero = (AGKLine){(CGPoint){0.0, 0.0}, (CGPoint){0.0, 0.0}};
AGKLine AGKLineMake(CGPoint start, CGPoint end)
{
return (AGKLine){start, end};
}
double AGKLineLength(AGKLine l)
{
return CGPointLengthBetween_AGK(l.start, l.end);
}
BOOL AGKLineIntersection(AGKLine l1, AGKLine l2, CGPoint *out_pointOfIntersection)
{
// http://stackoverflow.com/a/565282/202451
CGPoint p = l1.start;
CGPoint q = l2.start;
CGPoint r = CGPointSubtract_AGK(l1.end, l1.start);
CGPoint s = CGPointSubtract_AGK(l2.end, l2.start);
double s_r_crossProduct = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(r, s);
double t = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPointSubtract_AGK(q, p), s) / s_r_crossProduct;
double u = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPointSubtract_AGK(q, p), r) / s_r_crossProduct;
if(t < 0 || t > 1.0 || u < 0 || u > 1.0)
{
if(out_pointOfIntersection != NULL)
{
*out_pointOfIntersection = CGPointZero;
}
return NO;
}
else
{
if(out_pointOfIntersection != NULL)
{
CGPoint i = CGPointAdd_AGK(p, CGPointMultiply_AGK(r, t));
*out_pointOfIntersection = i;
}
return YES;
}
}
CGFloat CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPoint v1, CGPoint v2)
{
return v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x;
}
CGPoint CGPointSubtract_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGPoint p2)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x - p2.x, p1.y - p2.y};
}
CGPoint CGPointAdd_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGPoint p2)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x + p2.x, p1.y + p2.y};
}
CGFloat CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPoint v1, CGPoint v2)
{
return v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x;
}
CGPoint CGPointMultiply_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGFloat factor)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x * factor, p1.y * factor};
}
许多函数和结构都是私有的，但是你应该很容易就能知道发生了什么。 这是公开的在这个回购https://github.com/hfossli/AGGeometryKit/
其他回答
根据t3chb0t的答案:
int intersezione_linee(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, int x4, int y4, int& p_x, int& p_y)
{
//L1: estremi (x1,y1)(x2,y2) L2: estremi (x3,y3)(x3,y3)
int d;
d = (x1-x2)*(y3-y4) - (y1-y2)*(x3-x4);
if(!d)
return 0;
p_x = ((x1*y2-y1*x2)*(x3-x4) - (x1-x2)*(x3*y4-y3*x4))/d;
p_y = ((x1*y2-y1*x2)*(y3-y4) - (y1-y2)*(x3*y4-y3*x4))/d;
return 1;
}
int in_bounding_box(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int p_x, int p_y)
{
return p_x>=x1 && p_x<=x2 && p_y>=y1 && p_y<=y2;
}
int intersezione_segmenti(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, int x4, int y4, int& p_x, int& p_y)
{
if (!intersezione_linee(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4,p_x,p_y))
return 0;
return in_bounding_box(x1,y1,x2,y2,p_x,p_y) && in_bounding_box(x3,y3,x4,y4,p_x,p_y);
}
有一个很好的方法来解决这个问题就是用向量叉乘。定义二维向量叉乘v × w为vx wy−vy wx。
假设这两条线段从p到p + r，从q到q + s。那么第一行上的任意点都可以表示为p + t r(对于标量参数t)，第二行上的任意点可以表示为q + u s(对于标量参数u)。
如果t和u满足以下条件，两条直线相交:
P + t r = q + u s
两边叉乘s，得到
(p + r) × s = (q + u s) × s
由于s × s = 0，这意味着
T (r × s) = (q−p) × s
因此，求解t:
T = (q−p) × s / (r × s)
同样地，我们可以解出u:
(p + r) × r = (q + u s) × r U (s × r) = (p−q) × r U = (p−q) × r / (s × r)
为了减少计算步骤，可以方便地将其重写为以下形式(记住s × r =−r × s):
U = q−p × r / (r × s)
现在有四种情况:
If r × s = 0 and (q − p) × r = 0, then the two lines are collinear. In this case, express the endpoints of the second segment (q and q + s) in terms of the equation of the first line segment (p + t r): t0 = (q − p) · r / (r · r) t1 = (q + s − p) · r / (r · r) = t0 + s · r / (r · r) If the interval between t0 and t1 intersects the interval [0, 1] then the line segments are collinear and overlapping; otherwise they are collinear and disjoint. Note that if s and r point in opposite directions, then s · r < 0 and so the interval to be checked is [t1, t0] rather than [t0, t1]. If r × s = 0 and (q − p) × r ≠ 0, then the two lines are parallel and non-intersecting. If r × s ≠ 0 and 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, the two line segments meet at the point p + t r = q + u s. Otherwise, the two line segments are not parallel but do not intersect.
来源:该方法是3D线相交算法的2维专门化，来自Ronald Goldman发表在Graphics Gems，第304页的文章“三条线在三维空间中的相交”。在三维空间中，通常的情况是直线是倾斜的(既不平行也不相交)，在这种情况下，该方法给出了两条直线最接近的点。
我试过其中一些答案，但它们对我不起作用(对不起伙计们);在网上搜索之后，我找到了这个。
对他的代码做了一点修改，我现在有了这个函数，它将返回交点，如果没有找到交点，它将返回- 1,1。
Public Function intercetion(ByVal ax As Integer, ByVal ay As Integer, ByVal bx As Integer, ByVal by As Integer, ByVal cx As Integer, ByVal cy As Integer, ByVal dx As Integer, ByVal dy As Integer) As Point
'// Determines the intersection point of the line segment defined by points A and B
'// with the line segment defined by points C and D.
'//
'// Returns YES if the intersection point was found, and stores that point in X,Y.
'// Returns NO if there is no determinable intersection point, in which case X,Y will
'// be unmodified.
Dim distAB, theCos, theSin, newX, ABpos As Double
'// Fail if either line segment is zero-length.
If ax = bx And ay = by Or cx = dx And cy = dy Then Return New Point(-1, -1)
'// Fail if the segments share an end-point.
If ax = cx And ay = cy Or bx = cx And by = cy Or ax = dx And ay = dy Or bx = dx And by = dy Then Return New Point(-1, -1)
'// (1) Translate the system so that point A is on the origin.
bx -= ax
by -= ay
cx -= ax
cy -= ay
dx -= ax
dy -= ay
'// Discover the length of segment A-B.
distAB = Math.Sqrt(bx * bx + by * by)
'// (2) Rotate the system so that point B is on the positive X axis.
theCos = bx / distAB
theSin = by / distAB
newX = cx * theCos + cy * theSin
cy = cy * theCos - cx * theSin
cx = newX
newX = dx * theCos + dy * theSin
dy = dy * theCos - dx * theSin
dx = newX
'// Fail if segment C-D doesn't cross line A-B.
If cy < 0 And dy < 0 Or cy >= 0 And dy >= 0 Then Return New Point(-1, -1)
'// (3) Discover the position of the intersection point along line A-B.
ABpos = dx + (cx - dx) * dy / (dy - cy)
'// Fail if segment C-D crosses line A-B outside of segment A-B.
If ABpos < 0 Or ABpos > distAB Then Return New Point(-1, -1)
'// (4) Apply the discovered position to line A-B in the original coordinate system.
'*X=Ax+ABpos*theCos
'*Y=Ay+ABpos*theSin
'// Success.
Return New Point(ax + ABpos * theCos, ay + ABpos * theSin)
End Function
C和Objective-C
基于Gareth Rees的回答
const AGKLine AGKLineZero = (AGKLine){(CGPoint){0.0, 0.0}, (CGPoint){0.0, 0.0}};
AGKLine AGKLineMake(CGPoint start, CGPoint end)
{
return (AGKLine){start, end};
}
double AGKLineLength(AGKLine l)
{
return CGPointLengthBetween_AGK(l.start, l.end);
}
BOOL AGKLineIntersection(AGKLine l1, AGKLine l2, CGPoint *out_pointOfIntersection)
{
// http://stackoverflow.com/a/565282/202451
CGPoint p = l1.start;
CGPoint q = l2.start;
CGPoint r = CGPointSubtract_AGK(l1.end, l1.start);
CGPoint s = CGPointSubtract_AGK(l2.end, l2.start);
double s_r_crossProduct = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(r, s);
double t = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPointSubtract_AGK(q, p), s) / s_r_crossProduct;
double u = CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPointSubtract_AGK(q, p), r) / s_r_crossProduct;
if(t < 0 || t > 1.0 || u < 0 || u > 1.0)
{
if(out_pointOfIntersection != NULL)
{
*out_pointOfIntersection = CGPointZero;
}
return NO;
}
else
{
if(out_pointOfIntersection != NULL)
{
CGPoint i = CGPointAdd_AGK(p, CGPointMultiply_AGK(r, t));
*out_pointOfIntersection = i;
}
return YES;
}
}
CGFloat CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPoint v1, CGPoint v2)
{
return v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x;
}
CGPoint CGPointSubtract_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGPoint p2)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x - p2.x, p1.y - p2.y};
}
CGPoint CGPointAdd_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGPoint p2)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x + p2.x, p1.y + p2.y};
}
CGFloat CGPointCrossProductZComponent_AGK(CGPoint v1, CGPoint v2)
{
return v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x;
}
CGPoint CGPointMultiply_AGK(CGPoint p1, CGFloat factor)
{
return (CGPoint){p1.x * factor, p1.y * factor};
}
许多函数和结构都是私有的，但是你应该很容易就能知道发生了什么。 这是公开的在这个回购https://github.com/hfossli/AGGeometryKit/
这是基于Gareth Ree的回答。它还返回线段重叠的情况。用c++编写的V是一个简单的向量类。其中二维中两个向量的外积返回一个标量。通过了学校自动测试系统的测试。
//Required input point must be colinear with the line
bool on_segment(const V& p, const LineSegment& l)
{
//If a point is on the line, the sum of the vectors formed by the point to the line endpoints must be equal
V va = p - l.pa;
V vb = p - l.pb;
R ma = va.magnitude();
R mb = vb.magnitude();
R ml = (l.pb - l.pa).magnitude();
R s = ma + mb;
bool r = s <= ml + epsilon;
return r;
}
//Compute using vector math
// Returns 0 points if the lines do not intersect or overlap
// Returns 1 point if the lines intersect
// Returns 2 points if the lines overlap, contain the points where overlapping start starts and stop
std::vector<V> intersect(const LineSegment& la, const LineSegment& lb)
{
std::vector<V> r;
//http://stackoverflow.com/questions/563198/how-do-you-detect-where-two-line-segments-intersect
V oa, ob, da, db; //Origin and direction vectors
R sa, sb; //Scalar values
oa = la.pa;
da = la.pb - la.pa;
ob = lb.pa;
db = lb.pb - lb.pa;
if (da.cross(db) == 0 && (ob - oa).cross(da) == 0) //If colinear
{
if (on_segment(lb.pa, la) && on_segment(lb.pb, la))
{
r.push_back(lb.pa);
r.push_back(lb.pb);
dprintf("colinear, overlapping\n");
return r;
}
if (on_segment(la.pa, lb) && on_segment(la.pb, lb))
{
r.push_back(la.pa);
r.push_back(la.pb);
dprintf("colinear, overlapping\n");
return r;
}
if (on_segment(la.pa, lb))
r.push_back(la.pa);
if (on_segment(la.pb, lb))
r.push_back(la.pb);
if (on_segment(lb.pa, la))
r.push_back(lb.pa);
if (on_segment(lb.pb, la))
r.push_back(lb.pb);
if (r.size() == 0)
dprintf("colinear, non-overlapping\n");
else
dprintf("colinear, overlapping\n");
return r;
}
if (da.cross(db) == 0 && (ob - oa).cross(da) != 0)
{
dprintf("parallel non-intersecting\n");
return r;
}
//Math trick db cross db == 0, which is a single scalar in 2D.
//Crossing both sides with vector db gives:
sa = (ob - oa).cross(db) / da.cross(db);
//Crossing both sides with vector da gives
sb = (oa - ob).cross(da) / db.cross(da);
if (0 <= sa && sa <= 1 && 0 <= sb && sb <= 1)
{
dprintf("intersecting\n");
r.push_back(oa + da * sa);
return r;
}
dprintf("non-intersecting, non-parallel, non-colinear, non-overlapping\n");
return r;
}
