我如何确定两条直线是否相交,如果相交,在x,y点处?
当前回答
这个解决方案可能会有所帮助
public static float GetLineYIntesept(PointF p, float slope)
{
return p.Y - slope * p.X;
}
public static PointF FindIntersection(PointF line1Start, PointF line1End, PointF line2Start, PointF line2End)
{
float slope1 = (line1End.Y - line1Start.Y) / (line1End.X - line1Start.X);
float slope2 = (line2End.Y - line2Start.Y) / (line2End.X - line2Start.X);
float yinter1 = GetLineYIntesept(line1Start, slope1);
float yinter2 = GetLineYIntesept(line2Start, slope2);
if (slope1 == slope2 && yinter1 != yinter2)
return PointF.Empty;
float x = (yinter2 - yinter1) / (slope1 - slope2);
float y = slope1 * x + yinter1;
return new PointF(x, y);
}
其他回答
以下是对加文回答的改进。马普的解决方案也类似,但都没有推迟分割。
这实际上也是Gareth Rees的答案的一个实际应用,因为向量积在2D中的等价是补点积,这段代码用了其中的三个。切换到3D并使用叉积,在最后插入s和t,结果是3D中直线之间的两个最近点。 不管怎样,2D解:
int get_line_intersection(float p0_x, float p0_y, float p1_x, float p1_y,
float p2_x, float p2_y, float p3_x, float p3_y, float *i_x, float *i_y)
{
float s02_x, s02_y, s10_x, s10_y, s32_x, s32_y, s_numer, t_numer, denom, t;
s10_x = p1_x - p0_x;
s10_y = p1_y - p0_y;
s32_x = p3_x - p2_x;
s32_y = p3_y - p2_y;
denom = s10_x * s32_y - s32_x * s10_y;
if (denom == 0)
return 0; // Collinear
bool denomPositive = denom > 0;
s02_x = p0_x - p2_x;
s02_y = p0_y - p2_y;
s_numer = s10_x * s02_y - s10_y * s02_x;
if ((s_numer < 0) == denomPositive)
return 0; // No collision
t_numer = s32_x * s02_y - s32_y * s02_x;
if ((t_numer < 0) == denomPositive)
return 0; // No collision
if (((s_numer > denom) == denomPositive) || ((t_numer > denom) == denomPositive))
return 0; // No collision
// Collision detected
t = t_numer / denom;
if (i_x != NULL)
*i_x = p0_x + (t * s10_x);
if (i_y != NULL)
*i_y = p0_y + (t * s10_y);
return 1;
}
基本上,它将除法延迟到最后一刻,并将大多数测试移动到某些计算完成之前,从而增加了早期退出。最后,它还避免了直线平行时的除零情况。
您可能还想考虑使用ε检验,而不是与零比较。非常接近平行的线会产生稍微偏离的结果。这不是一个bug,这是浮点数学的一个限制。
如果矩形的每条边都是一条线段,并且用户绘制的部分也是一条线段,那么您只需检查用户绘制的线段是否与四条边线段相交。这应该是一个相当简单的练习,给定每个段的起点和终点。
基于@Gareth Rees的回答,Python版本:
import numpy as np
def np_perp( a ) :
b = np.empty_like(a)
b[0] = a[1]
b[1] = -a[0]
return b
def np_cross_product(a, b):
return np.dot(a, np_perp(b))
def np_seg_intersect(a, b, considerCollinearOverlapAsIntersect = False):
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/563198/how-do-you-detect-where-two-line-segments-intersect/565282#565282
# http://www.codeproject.com/Tips/862988/Find-the-intersection-point-of-two-line-segments
r = a[1] - a[0]
s = b[1] - b[0]
v = b[0] - a[0]
num = np_cross_product(v, r)
denom = np_cross_product(r, s)
# If r x s = 0 and (q - p) x r = 0, then the two lines are collinear.
if np.isclose(denom, 0) and np.isclose(num, 0):
# 1. If either 0 <= (q - p) * r <= r * r or 0 <= (p - q) * s <= * s
# then the two lines are overlapping,
if(considerCollinearOverlapAsIntersect):
vDotR = np.dot(v, r)
aDotS = np.dot(-v, s)
if (0 <= vDotR and vDotR <= np.dot(r,r)) or (0 <= aDotS and aDotS <= np.dot(s,s)):
return True
# 2. If neither 0 <= (q - p) * r = r * r nor 0 <= (p - q) * s <= s * s
# then the two lines are collinear but disjoint.
# No need to implement this expression, as it follows from the expression above.
return None
if np.isclose(denom, 0) and not np.isclose(num, 0):
# Parallel and non intersecting
return None
u = num / denom
t = np_cross_product(v, s) / denom
if u >= 0 and u <= 1 and t >= 0 and t <= 1:
res = b[0] + (s*u)
return res
# Otherwise, the two line segments are not parallel but do not intersect.
return None
iMalc回答的Python版本:
def find_intersection( p0, p1, p2, p3 ) :
s10_x = p1[0] - p0[0]
s10_y = p1[1] - p0[1]
s32_x = p3[0] - p2[0]
s32_y = p3[1] - p2[1]
denom = s10_x * s32_y - s32_x * s10_y
if denom == 0 : return None # collinear
denom_is_positive = denom > 0
s02_x = p0[0] - p2[0]
s02_y = p0[1] - p2[1]
s_numer = s10_x * s02_y - s10_y * s02_x
if (s_numer < 0) == denom_is_positive : return None # no collision
t_numer = s32_x * s02_y - s32_y * s02_x
if (t_numer < 0) == denom_is_positive : return None # no collision
if (s_numer > denom) == denom_is_positive or (t_numer > denom) == denom_is_positive : return None # no collision
# collision detected
t = t_numer / denom
intersection_point = [ p0[0] + (t * s10_x), p0[1] + (t * s10_y) ]
return intersection_point
下面是一个基本的c#线段实现,并有相应的交点检测代码。它需要一个名为Vector2f的2D向量/点结构,不过你可以用任何其他具有X/Y属性的类型替换它。如果更适合你的需要,你也可以用double替换float。
这段代码用于我的. net物理库Boing。
public struct LineSegment2f
{
public Vector2f From { get; }
public Vector2f To { get; }
public LineSegment2f(Vector2f @from, Vector2f to)
{
From = @from;
To = to;
}
public Vector2f Delta => new Vector2f(To.X - From.X, To.Y - From.Y);
/// <summary>
/// Attempt to intersect two line segments.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Even if the line segments do not intersect, <paramref name="t"/> and <paramref name="u"/> will be set.
/// If the lines are parallel, <paramref name="t"/> and <paramref name="u"/> are set to <see cref="float.NaN"/>.
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="other">The line to attempt intersection of this line with.</param>
/// <param name="intersectionPoint">The point of intersection if within the line segments, or empty..</param>
/// <param name="t">The distance along this line at which intersection would occur, or NaN if lines are collinear/parallel.</param>
/// <param name="u">The distance along the other line at which intersection would occur, or NaN if lines are collinear/parallel.</param>
/// <returns><c>true</c> if the line segments intersect, otherwise <c>false</c>.</returns>
public bool TryIntersect(LineSegment2f other, out Vector2f intersectionPoint, out float t, out float u)
{
var p = From;
var q = other.From;
var r = Delta;
var s = other.Delta;
// t = (q − p) × s / (r × s)
// u = (q − p) × r / (r × s)
var denom = Fake2DCross(r, s);
if (denom == 0)
{
// lines are collinear or parallel
t = float.NaN;
u = float.NaN;
intersectionPoint = default(Vector2f);
return false;
}
var tNumer = Fake2DCross(q - p, s);
var uNumer = Fake2DCross(q - p, r);
t = tNumer / denom;
u = uNumer / denom;
if (t < 0 || t > 1 || u < 0 || u > 1)
{
// line segments do not intersect within their ranges
intersectionPoint = default(Vector2f);
return false;
}
intersectionPoint = p + r * t;
return true;
}
private static float Fake2DCross(Vector2f a, Vector2f b)
{
return a.X * b.Y - a.Y * b.X;
}
}