首选语言:C/ c++、Java、Ruby。
我正在寻找一些关于如何编写自己的编译器的有用书籍/教程,只是为了教育目的。我最熟悉C/ c++、Java和Ruby,所以我更喜欢包含这三者之一的资源,但任何好的资源都是可以接受的。
首选语言:C/ c++、Java、Ruby。
我正在寻找一些关于如何编写自己的编译器的有用书籍/教程,只是为了教育目的。我最熟悉C/ c++、Java和Ruby,所以我更喜欢包含这三者之一的资源,但任何好的资源都是可以接受的。
当前回答
如果您愿意使用LLVM,请查看这个:http://llvm.org/docs/tutorial/。它教你如何使用LLVM的框架从头编写编译器,并且不假设你有任何关于这个主题的知识。
本教程建议您编写自己的解析器和lexer等,但我建议您了解bison和flex后再进行研究。它们让生活变得轻松多了。
其他回答
看看下面这本书。作者是ANTLR的创建者。
语言实现模式:创建您自己的领域特定语言和通用编程语言。
资源清单:
A Nanopass Framework for Compiler Education ¶ Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation $ An Incremental Approach to Compiler Construction ¶ ANTLR 3.x Video Tutorial Basics of Compiler Design Building a Parrot Compiler Compiler Basics Compiler Construction $ Compiler Design and Construction $ Crafting a Compiler with C $ Crafting Interpreters [Compiler Design in C] 12 ¶ Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools $ — aka "The Dragon Book"; widely considered "the book" for compiler writing. Engineering a Compiler $ Essentials of Programming Languages Flipcode Article Archive (look for "Implementing A Scripting Engine by Jan Niestadt") Game Scripting Mastery $ How to build a virtual machine from scratch in C# ¶ Implementing Functional Languages Implementing Programming Languages (with BNFC) Implementing Programming Languages using C# 4.0 Interpreter pattern (described in Design Patterns $) specifies a way to evaluate sentences in a language Language Implementation Patterns: Create Your Own Domain-Specific and General Programming Languages $ Let's Build a Compiler by Jack Crenshaw — The PDF ¶ version (examples are in Pascal, but the information is generally applicable) Linkers and Loaders $ (Google Books) Lisp in Small Pieces (LiSP) $ LLVM Tutorial Modern Compiler Implementation in ML $ — There is a Java $ and C $ version as well - widely considered a very good book Object-Oriented Compiler Construction $ Parsing Techniques - A Practical Guide Project Oberon ¶ - Look at chapter 13 Programming a Personal Computer $ Programing Languages: Application and Interpretation Rabbit: A Compiler for Scheme¶ Reflections on Trusting Trust — A quick guide Roll Your Own Compiler for the .NET framework — A quick tutorial from MSDN Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs Types and Programming Languages Want to Write a Compiler? - a quick guide Writing a Compiler in Ruby Bottom Up Compiling a Lisp — compile directly to x86-64
传说:
链接到PDF文件 $印刷书籍的链接
如果您愿意使用LLVM,请查看这个:http://llvm.org/docs/tutorial/。它教你如何使用LLVM的框架从头编写编译器,并且不假设你有任何关于这个主题的知识。
本教程建议您编写自己的解析器和lexer等,但我建议您了解bison和flex后再进行研究。它们让生活变得轻松多了。
您可以使用Apache软件基金会的BCEL。使用这个工具,您可以生成类似汇编程序的代码,但它是带有BCEL API的Java。您可以学习如何生成中间语言代码(在本例中是字节代码)。
简单的例子
用这个函数创建一个Java类: maxAsString(int a, int b) { If (a > b) { 返回Integer.valueOf(一).toString (); } if (a < b) { 返回Integer.valueOf (b) .toString (); }其他{ 返回“=”; } }
现在用这个类运行BCELifier
BCELifier bcelifier = new BCELifier("MyClass", System.out);
bcelifier.start();
您可以在控制台上看到整个类的结果(如何构建字节代码MyClass.java)。该函数的代码如下:
private void createMethod_1() {
InstructionList il = new InstructionList();
MethodGen method = new MethodGen(ACC_PUBLIC, Type.STRING, new Type[] { Type.INT, Type.INT }, new String[] { "arg0", "arg1" }, "maxAsString", "MyClass", il, _cp);
il.append(InstructionFactory.createLoad(Type.INT, 1)); // Load first parameter to address 1
il.append(InstructionFactory.createLoad(Type.INT, 2)); // Load second parameter to adress 2
BranchInstruction if_icmple_2 = InstructionFactory.createBranchInstruction(Constants.IF_ICMPLE, null); // Do if condition (compare a > b)
il.append(if_icmple_2);
il.append(InstructionFactory.createLoad(Type.INT, 1)); // Load value from address 1 into the stack
il.append(_factory.createInvoke("java.lang.Integer", "valueOf", new ObjectType("java.lang.Integer"), new Type[] { Type.INT }, Constants.INVOKESTATIC));
il.append(_factory.createInvoke("java.lang.Integer", "toString", Type.STRING, Type.NO_ARGS, Constants.INVOKEVIRTUAL));
il.append(InstructionFactory.createReturn(Type.OBJECT));
InstructionHandle ih_13 = il.append(InstructionFactory.createLoad(Type.INT, 1));
il.append(InstructionFactory.createLoad(Type.INT, 2));
BranchInstruction if_icmpge_15 = InstructionFactory.createBranchInstruction(Constants.IF_ICMPGE, null); // Do if condition (compare a < b)
il.append(if_icmpge_15);
il.append(InstructionFactory.createLoad(Type.INT, 2));
il.append(_factory.createInvoke("java.lang.Integer", "valueOf", new ObjectType("java.lang.Integer"), new Type[] { Type.INT }, Constants.INVOKESTATIC));
il.append(_factory.createInvoke("java.lang.Integer", "toString", Type.STRING, Type.NO_ARGS, Constants.INVOKEVIRTUAL));
il.append(InstructionFactory.createReturn(Type.OBJECT));
InstructionHandle ih_26 = il.append(new PUSH(_cp, "equals")); // Return "equals" string
il.append(InstructionFactory.createReturn(Type.OBJECT));
if_icmple_2.setTarget(ih_13);
if_icmpge_15.setTarget(ih_26);
method.setMaxStack();
method.setMaxLocals();
_cg.addMethod(method.getMethod());
il.dispose();
}
As an starting point, it will be good to create a recursive descent parser (RDP) (let's say you want to create your own flavour of BASIC and build a BASIC interpreter) to understand how to write a compiler. I found the best information in Herbert Schild's C Power Users, chapter 7. This chapter refers to another book of H. Schildt "C The complete Reference" where he explains how to create a calculator (a simple expression parser). I found both books on eBay very cheap. You can check the code for the book if you go to www.osborne.com or check in www.HerbSchildt.com I found the same code but for C# in his latest book