典型的例子是重载操作符<<。另一个常见的用法是允许助手或管理类访问您的内部。

下面是我从c++朋友那里听到的一些指导原则。最后一个尤其令人难忘。

你的朋友不是你孩子的朋友。 你孩子的朋友并不是你的朋友。 只有朋友才能碰你的隐私部位。

在工作中，我们广泛地请朋友来测试代码。这意味着我们可以为主应用程序代码提供适当的封装和信息隐藏。但我们也可以有单独的测试代码，使用朋友来检查内部状态和数据进行测试。

可以说，我不会将friend关键字作为设计的重要组成部分。

friend关键字有很多好的用途。以下是我能立即看到的两种用法:

朋友的定义

友元定义允许在类作用域中定义函数，但该函数不会被定义为成员函数，而是被定义为外围命名空间的自由函数，并且除了依赖参数的查找之外通常不可见。这使得它对于操作符重载特别有用:

namespace utils {
    class f {
    private:
        typedef int int_type;
        int_type value;

    public:
        // let's assume it doesn't only need .value, but some
        // internal stuff.
        friend f operator+(f const& a, f const& b) {
            // name resolution finds names in class-scope. 
            // int_type is visible here.
            return f(a.value + b.value);
        }

        int getValue() const { return value; }
    };
}

int main() {
    utils::f a, b;
    std::cout << (a + b).getValue(); // valid
}

私有CRTP基类

有时候，你会发现策略需要访问派生类:

// possible policy used for flexible-class.
template<typename Derived>
struct Policy {
    void doSomething() {
        // casting this to Derived* requires us to see that we are a 
        // base-class of Derived.
        some_type const& t = static_cast<Derived*>(this)->getSomething();
    }
};

// note, derived privately
template<template<typename> class SomePolicy>
struct FlexibleClass : private SomePolicy<FlexibleClass> {
    // we derive privately, so the base-class wouldn't notice that, 
    // (even though it's the base itself!), so we need a friend declaration
    // to make the base a friend of us.
    friend class SomePolicy<FlexibleClass>;

    void doStuff() {
         // calls doSomething of the policy
         this->doSomething();
    }

    // will return useful information
    some_type getSomething();
};

在这个回答中，你会发现一个不做作的例子。在这个答案中使用了另一个代码。CRTP基类强制转换其this指针，以便能够使用数据成员指针访问派生类的数据字段。

典型的例子是重载操作符<<。另一个常见的用法是允许助手或管理类访问您的内部。

下面是我从c++朋友那里听到的一些指导原则。最后一个尤其令人难忘。

你的朋友不是你孩子的朋友。 你孩子的朋友并不是你的朋友。 只有朋友才能碰你的隐私部位。

In C++ "friend" keyword is useful in Operator overloading and Making Bridge. 1.) Friend keyword in operator overloading :Example for operator overloading is: Let say we have a class "Point" that has two float variable"x"(for x-coordinate) and "y"(for y-coordinate). Now we have to overload "<<"(extraction operator) such that if we call "cout << pointobj" then it will print x and y coordinate (where pointobj is an object of class Point). To do this we have two option: 1.Overload "operator <<()" function in "ostream" class. 2.Overload "operator<<()" function in "Point" class. Now First option is not good because if we need to overload again this operator for some different class then we have to again make change in "ostream" class. That's why second is best option. Now compiler can call "operator <<()" function:

   1.Using ostream object cout.As: cout.operator<<(Pointobj) (form ostream class).
   2.Call without an object.As: operator<<(cout, Pointobj) (from Point class).

Beacause we have implemented overloading in Point class. So to call this function without an object we have to add"friend" keyword because we can call a friend function without an object. Now function declaration will be As: "friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout, Point &pointobj);" 2.) Friend keyword in making bridge : Suppose we have to make a function in which we have to access private member of two or more classes ( generally termed as "bridge" ) . How to do this: To access private member of a class it should be member of that class. Now to access private member of other class every class should declare that function as a friend function. For example : Suppose there are two class A and B. A function "funcBridge()" want to access private member of both classes. Then both class should declare "funcBridge()" as: friend return_type funcBridge(A &a_obj, B & b_obj);I think this would help to understand friend keyword.

在做TDD的时候，我经常使用c++中的'friend'关键字。

朋友能知道我的一切吗?

更新:我从Bjarne Stroustrup网站上找到了这个关于“朋友”关键字的有价值的答案。

“好友”是一种授予访问权限的显式机制，就像会员资格一样。