I'm going to give the unpopular but practical answer that it's always wrong to free memory unless doing so will reduce the memory usage of your program. For instance a program that makes a single allocation or series of allocations to load the dataset it will use for its entire lifetime has no need to free anything. In the more common case of a large program with very dynamic memory requirements (think of a web browser), you should obviously free memory you're no longer using as soon as you can (for instance closing a tab/document/etc.), but there's no reason to free anything when the user selects clicks "exit", and doing so is actually harmful to the user experience.

为什么?释放内存需要接触内存。即使您的系统的malloc实现碰巧没有在分配的内存块附近存储元数据，您也可能会遍历递归结构，只是为了找到所有需要释放的指针。

Now, suppose your program has worked with a large volume of data, but hasn't touched most of it for a while (again, web browser is a great example). If the user is running a lot of apps, a good portion of that data has likely been swapped to disk. If you just exit(0) or return from main, it exits instantly. Great user experience. If you go to the trouble of trying to free everything, you may spend 5 seconds or more swapping all the data back in, only to throw it away immediately after that. Waste of user's time. Waste of laptop's battery life. Waste of wear on the hard disk.

这不仅仅是理论上的。每当我发现自己加载了太多的应用程序，磁盘开始抖动时，我甚至不会考虑点击“退出”。我以最快的速度到达一个终端，输入killall -9…因为我知道"退出"只会让情况更糟。

从历史上看，在某些边缘情况下，它在某些操作系统上确实很重要。这些边缘情况在未来可能会存在。

Here's an example, on SunOS in the Sun 3 era, there was an issue if a process used exec (or more traditionally fork and then exec), the subsequent new process would inherit the same memory footprint as the parent and it could not be shrunk. If a parent process allocated 1/2 gig of memory and didn't free it before calling exec, the child process would start using that same 1/2 gig (even though it wasn't allocated). This behavior was best exhibited by SunTools (their default windowing system), which was a memory hog. Every app that it spawned was created via fork/exec and inherited SunTools footprint, quickly filling up swap space.

我只看到了一个实际的缺点，那就是这些良性泄漏将在内存泄漏检测工具中显示为误报。

If I understood correctly, you don't explicitly free memory (which can be freed because you still have a pointer) and rely on OS to free it during process termination. Though this may seem okay for simple program, consider the situation where your code is moved into a library and becomes a part of some resident daemon process running 24/7. Say this daemon spawns a thread each time it needs to do something useful using your code and say it spawns thousands of threads every hour. In this case you will get real memory leak.

不幸的是，这种情况在现实生活中并非不可能，一致的内存管理技术可能会使您的生活更轻松。

这是一个非常特定的领域，几乎不值得回答。动动你的脑袋。

航天飞机操作系统:不，不允许内存泄漏 快速开发概念验证代码:修复所有这些内存泄漏是浪费时间。

还有一系列的中间情况。

延迟产品发布以修复除最严重内存泄漏外的所有内存泄漏的机会成本($$$)通常会让“草率或不专业”的感觉相形见绌。你的老板付钱给你是为了给他赚钱，而不是为了得到温暖、模糊的感觉。

我看到了和所有场景问题一样的问题，比如:当程序改变时，会发生什么?突然，这个小内存泄漏被调用了1000万次，而程序的结尾在不同的地方，所以它很重要?如果它在库中，那么请向库维护者记录错误，不要在您自己的代码中泄漏。

许多人似乎都有这样的印象:一旦释放内存，它就会立即返回到操作系统，可以被其他程序使用。

这不是真的。操作系统通常以4KiB页面管理内存。malloc和其他类型的内存管理从操作系统获取页面，并在它们认为合适的时候对它们进行子管理。free()很可能不会将页面返回给操作系统，前提是您的程序稍后会误用更多内存。

我并不是说free()从不将内存返回给操作系统。这是有可能发生的，特别是当您正在释放大量内存时。但这并不能保证。

重要的事实是:如果不释放不再需要的内存，那么进一步的malloc必然会消耗更多的内存。但是如果先释放，malloc可能会重新使用释放的内存。

这在实践中意味着什么?这意味着如果你知道你的程序从现在开始不再需要更多的内存(例如它在清理阶段)，释放内存就不是那么重要了。但是，如果程序稍后可能分配更多内存，则应该避免内存泄漏——特别是那些可能重复发生的内存泄漏。

关于为什么在终止前释放内存是不好的，请参阅这条评论了解更多细节。

评论者似乎不理解调用free()并不会自动允许其他程序使用释放的内存。但这就是这个答案的全部意义!

因此，为了说服人们，我将演示一个例子，其中free()没有什么好处。为了便于计算，我假设操作系统以4000字节的页面管理内存。

Suppose you allocate ten thousand 100-byte blocks (for simplicity I'll ignore the extra memory that would be required to manage these allocations). This consumes 1MB, or 250 pages. If you then free 9000 of these blocks at random, you're left with just 1000 blocks - but they're scattered all over the place. Statistically, about 5 of the pages will be empty. The other 245 will each have at least one allocated block in them. That amounts to 980KB of memory, that cannot possibly be reclaimed by the operating system - even though you now only have 100KB allocated!

另一方面，您现在可以malloc() 9000多个块，而不会增加程序占用的内存量。

即使free()在技术上可以将内存返回给操作系统，它也可能不会这样做。Free()需要在快速操作和节省内存之间取得平衡。此外，一个已经分配了大量内存然后释放它的程序很可能会再次这样做。web服务器需要处理一个又一个的请求——保持一些“松弛”的可用内存是有意义的，这样你就不需要一直向操作系统请求内存了。