静态库增加了二进制文件中代码的大小。它们总是被加载，无论你用什么版本的代码编译，都是将运行的代码版本。

动态库的存储和版本是分开的。如果更新被认为与原始版本二进制兼容，则有可能加载的动态库版本不是随代码附带的原始版本。

此外，动态库不一定被加载——它们通常在第一次调用时被加载——并且可以在使用相同库的组件之间共享(多个数据加载，一个代码加载)。

动态库在大多数时候被认为是更好的方法，但最初它们有一个重大缺陷(谷歌DLL地狱)，这个缺陷几乎被最近的Windows操作系统(特别是Windows XP)所消除。

库是绑定在应用程序可执行文件中的代码单元。

dll是可执行代码的独立单元。只有在对该代码进行调用时，才会在流程中加载它。一个dll可以被多个应用程序使用并加载在多个进程中，而在硬盘驱动器上仍然只有一个代码副本。

Dll优点:可用于多个产品之间重用/共享代码;按需装入进程内存，不需要时可卸载;可以独立于程序的其余部分进行升级。

Dll缺点:Dll加载和代码重基的性能影响;版本控制问题(“dll地狱”)

Lib优点:没有性能影响，因为代码总是在进程中加载，而不是重基;没有版本问题。

Lib缺点:可执行文件/进程“膨胀”-所有的代码都在你的可执行文件中，并在进程启动时加载;没有重用/共享-每个产品都有自己的代码副本。

创建静态库

$$:~/static [32]> cat foo.c
#include<stdio.h>
void foo()
{
printf("\nhello world\n");
}
$$:~/static [33]> cat foo.h
#ifndef _H_FOO_H
#define _H_FOO_H

void foo();

#endif
$$:~/static [34]> cat foo2.c
#include<stdio.h>
void foo2()
{
printf("\nworld\n");
}
$$:~/static [35]> cat foo2.h
#ifndef _H_FOO2_H
#define _H_FOO2_H

void foo2();

#endif
$$:~/static [36]> cat hello.c
#include<foo.h>
#include<foo2.h>
void main()
{
foo();
foo2();
}
$$:~/static [37]> cat makefile
hello: hello.o libtest.a
        cc -o hello hello.o -L. -ltest
hello.o: hello.c
        cc -c hello.c -I`pwd`
libtest.a:foo.o foo2.o
        ar cr libtest.a foo.o foo2.o
foo.o:foo.c
        cc -c foo.c
foo2.o:foo.c
        cc -c foo2.c
clean:
        rm -f foo.o foo2.o libtest.a hello.o

$$:~/static [38]>

创建动态库

$$:~/dynamic [44]> cat foo.c
#include<stdio.h>
void foo()
{
printf("\nhello world\n");
}
$$:~/dynamic [45]> cat foo.h
#ifndef _H_FOO_H
#define _H_FOO_H

void foo();

#endif
$$:~/dynamic [46]> cat foo2.c
#include<stdio.h>
void foo2()
{
printf("\nworld\n");
}
$$:~/dynamic [47]> cat foo2.h
#ifndef _H_FOO2_H
#define _H_FOO2_H

void foo2();

#endif
$$:~/dynamic [48]> cat hello.c
#include<foo.h>
#include<foo2.h>
void main()
{
foo();
foo2();
}
$$:~/dynamic [49]> cat makefile
hello:hello.o libtest.sl
        cc -o hello hello.o -L`pwd` -ltest
hello.o:
        cc -c -b hello.c -I`pwd`
libtest.sl:foo.o foo2.o
        cc -G -b -o libtest.sl foo.o foo2.o
foo.o:foo.c
        cc -c -b foo.c
foo2.o:foo.c
        cc -c -b foo2.c
clean:
        rm -f libtest.sl foo.o foo

2.o hello.o
$$:~/dynamic [50]>

如果你在嵌入式项目或专门的平台上工作，静态库是唯一的方法，而且很多时候它们编译到你的应用程序中不是那么麻烦。同时，拥有包含一切的项目和makefile会让生活更快乐。

关于这个主题的精彩讨论，请阅读Sun的这篇文章。

它包含了所有的好处，包括能够插入插入库。关于插入的更多细节可以在这篇文章中找到。

其他人已经充分解释了静态库是什么，但我想指出一些使用静态库的注意事项，至少在Windows上:

Singletons: If something needs to be global/static and unique, be very careful about putting it in a static library. If multiple DLLs are linked against that static library they will each get their own copy of the singleton. However, if your application is a single EXE with no custom DLLs, this may not be a problem. Unreferenced code removal: When you link against a static library, only the parts of the static library that are referenced by your DLL/EXE will get linked into your DLL/EXE. For example, if mylib.lib contains a.obj and b.obj and your DLL/EXE only references functions or variables from a.obj, the entirety of b.obj will get discarded by the linker. If b.obj contains global/static objects, their constructors and destructors will not get executed. If those constructors/destructors have side effects, you may be disappointed by their absence. Likewise, if the static library contains special entrypoints you may need to take care that they are actually included. An example of this in embedded programming (okay, not Windows) would be an interrupt handler that is marked as being at a specific address. You also need to mark the interrupt handler as an entrypoint to make sure it doesn't get discarded. Another consequence of this is that a static library may contain object files that are completely unusable due to unresolved references, but it won't cause a linker error until you reference a function or variable from those object files. This may happen long after the library is written. Debug symbols: You may want a separate PDB for each static library, or you may want the debug symbols to be placed in the object files so that they get rolled into the PDB for the DLL/EXE. The Visual C++ documentation explains the necessary options. RTTI: You may end up with multiple type_info objects for the same class if you link a single static library into multiple DLLs. If your program assumes that type_info is "singleton" data and uses &typeid() or type_info::before(), you may get undesirable and surprising results.