The inverse-gamma formula by Jive Dadson needs to have the half-adjust removed when implemented in Javascript, i.e. the return from function gam_sRGB needs to be return int(v*255); not return int(v*255+.5); Half-adjust rounds up, and this can cause a value one too high on a R=G=B i.e. grey colour triad. Greyscale conversion on a R=G=B triad should produce a value equal to R; it's one proof that the formula is valid. See Nine Shades of Greyscale for the formula in action (without the half-adjust).

我认为你正在寻找的是RGB ->流光转换公式。

光度/数字ITU BT.709:

Y = 0.2126 R + 0.7152 G + 0.0722 B

数字ITU BT.601(给予R和B部分更多权重):

Y = 0.299 R + 0.587 G + 0.114 B

如果你愿意用准确性来换取性能，有两个近似公式:

Y = 0.33 R + 0.5 G + 0.16 B

Y = 0.375 R + 0.5 G + 0.125 B

这些可以快速计算为

Y = (R+R+B+G+G+G)/6

Y = (R+R+R+B+G+G+G+G)>>3

下面是将sRGB图像转换为灰度的唯一正确算法，如在浏览器等中使用。

在计算内积之前，有必要对颜色空间应用伽玛函数的逆。然后你把函数应用到减少的值上。未能合并gamma函数可能导致高达20%的误差。

对于典型的计算机，颜色空间是sRGB。sRGB的正确数字约为。0.21 0.72 0.07。sRGB的Gamma是一个复合函数，近似取幂1/(2.2)。这是c++的全部内容。

// sRGB luminance(Y) values
const double rY = 0.212655;
const double gY = 0.715158;
const double bY = 0.072187;

// Inverse of sRGB "gamma" function. (approx 2.2)
double inv_gam_sRGB(int ic) {
    double c = ic/255.0;
    if ( c <= 0.04045 )
        return c/12.92;
    else 
        return pow(((c+0.055)/(1.055)),2.4);
}

// sRGB "gamma" function (approx 2.2)
int gam_sRGB(double v) {
    if(v<=0.0031308)
      v *= 12.92;
    else 
      v = 1.055*pow(v,1.0/2.4)-0.055;
    return int(v*255+0.5); // This is correct in C++. Other languages may not
                           // require +0.5
}

// GRAY VALUE ("brightness")
int gray(int r, int g, int b) {
    return gam_sRGB(
            rY*inv_gam_sRGB(r) +
            gY*inv_gam_sRGB(g) +
            bY*inv_gam_sRGB(b)
    );
}

请定义亮度。如果你想知道颜色有多接近白色你可以用欧几里得距离(255,255,255)

正如@Nils Pipenbrinck所提到的:

所有这些方程在实践中都很有效，但如果你需要非常精确，你就必须[做一些额外的gamma东西]。在深灰色中，忽略伽玛和正确伽玛之间的亮度差异高达20%。

这里有一个完全自包含的JavaScript函数，它做了“额外的”工作来获得额外的准确性。它基于Jive Dadson对这个问题的c++回答。

// Returns greyscale "brightness" (0-1) of the given 0-255 RGB values
// Based on this C++ implementation: https://stackoverflow.com/a/13558570/11950764
function rgbBrightness(r, g, b) {
  let v = 0;
  v += 0.212655 * ((r/255) <= 0.04045 ? (r/255)/12.92 : Math.pow(((r/255)+0.055)/1.055, 2.4));
  v += 0.715158 * ((g/255) <= 0.04045 ? (g/255)/12.92 : Math.pow(((g/255)+0.055)/1.055, 2.4));
  v += 0.072187 * ((b/255) <= 0.04045 ? (b/255)/12.92 : Math.pow(((b/255)+0.055)/1.055, 2.4));
  return v <= 0.0031308 ? v*12.92 : 1.055 * Math.pow(v,1.0/2.4) - 0.055;
}

请参阅Myndex的答案以获得更准确的计算。

这里有一小段C代码，可以正确地计算可感知的亮度。

// reverses the rgb gamma
#define inverseGamma(t) (((t) <= 0.0404482362771076) ? ((t)/12.92) : pow(((t) + 0.055)/1.055, 2.4))

//CIE L*a*b* f function (used to convert XYZ to L*a*b*)  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab_color_space
#define LABF(t) ((t >= 8.85645167903563082e-3) ? powf(t,0.333333333333333) : (841.0/108.0)*(t) + (4.0/29.0))


float
rgbToCIEL(PIXEL p)
{
   float y;
   float r=p.r/255.0;
   float g=p.g/255.0;
   float b=p.b/255.0;

   r=inverseGamma(r);
   g=inverseGamma(g);
   b=inverseGamma(b);

   //Observer = 2°, Illuminant = D65 
   y = 0.2125862307855955516*r + 0.7151703037034108499*g + 0.07220049864333622685*b;

   // At this point we've done RGBtoXYZ now do XYZ to Lab

   // y /= WHITEPOINT_Y; The white point for y in D65 is 1.0

    y = LABF(y);

   /* This is the "normal conversion which produces values scaled to 100
    Lab.L = 116.0*y - 16.0;
   */
   return(1.16*y - 0.16); // return values for 0.0 >=L <=1.0
}