我正在寻找某种公式或算法来确定给定RGB值的颜色的亮度。我知道这不像把RGB值加在一起那么简单,更高的总和更亮,但我有点不知所措,不知道从哪里开始。
当前回答
今天我用javascript解决了一个类似的任务。 我已经确定了这个getPerceivedLightness(rgb)函数的HEX rgb颜色。 利用Fairchild和Perrotta公式对Helmholtz-Kohlrausch效应进行了亮度校正。
/**
* Converts RGB color to CIE 1931 XYZ color space.
* https://www.image-engineering.de/library/technotes/958-how-to-convert-between-srgb-and-ciexyz
* @param {string} hex
* @return {number[]}
*/
export function rgbToXyz(hex) {
const [r, g, b] = hexToRgb(hex).map(_ => _ / 255).map(sRGBtoLinearRGB)
const X = 0.4124 * r + 0.3576 * g + 0.1805 * b
const Y = 0.2126 * r + 0.7152 * g + 0.0722 * b
const Z = 0.0193 * r + 0.1192 * g + 0.9505 * b
// For some reason, X, Y and Z are multiplied by 100.
return [X, Y, Z].map(_ => _ * 100)
}
/**
* Undoes gamma-correction from an RGB-encoded color.
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB#Specification_of_the_transformation
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/596216/formula-to-determine-brightness-of-rgb-color
* @param {number}
* @return {number}
*/
function sRGBtoLinearRGB(color) {
// Send this function a decimal sRGB gamma encoded color value
// between 0.0 and 1.0, and it returns a linearized value.
if (color <= 0.04045) {
return color / 12.92
} else {
return Math.pow((color + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4)
}
}
/**
* Converts hex color to RGB.
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5623838/rgb-to-hex-and-hex-to-rgb
* @param {string} hex
* @return {number[]} [rgb]
*/
function hexToRgb(hex) {
const match = /^#?([a-f\d]{2})([a-f\d]{2})([a-f\d]{2})$/i.exec(hex)
if (match) {
match.shift()
return match.map(_ => parseInt(_, 16))
}
}
/**
* Converts CIE 1931 XYZ colors to CIE L*a*b*.
* The conversion formula comes from <http://www.easyrgb.com/en/math.php>.
* https://github.com/cangoektas/xyz-to-lab/blob/master/src/index.js
* @param {number[]} color The CIE 1931 XYZ color to convert which refers to
* the D65/2° standard illuminant.
* @returns {number[]} The color in the CIE L*a*b* color space.
*/
// X, Y, Z of a "D65" light source.
// "D65" is a standard 6500K Daylight light source.
// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminant_D65
const D65 = [95.047, 100, 108.883]
export function xyzToLab([x, y, z]) {
[x, y, z] = [x, y, z].map((v, i) => {
v = v / D65[i]
return v > 0.008856 ? Math.pow(v, 1 / 3) : v * 7.787 + 16 / 116
})
const l = 116 * y - 16
const a = 500 * (x - y)
const b = 200 * (y - z)
return [l, a, b]
}
/**
* Converts Lab color space to Luminance-Chroma-Hue color space.
* http://www.brucelindbloom.com/index.html?Eqn_Lab_to_LCH.html
* @param {number[]}
* @return {number[]}
*/
export function labToLch([l, a, b]) {
const c = Math.sqrt(a * a + b * b)
const h = abToHue(a, b)
return [l, c, h]
}
/**
* Converts a and b of Lab color space to Hue of LCH color space.
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53733379/conversion-of-cielab-to-cielchab-not-yielding-correct-result
* @param {number} a
* @param {number} b
* @return {number}
*/
function abToHue(a, b) {
if (a >= 0 && b === 0) {
return 0
}
if (a < 0 && b === 0) {
return 180
}
if (a === 0 && b > 0) {
return 90
}
if (a === 0 && b < 0) {
return 270
}
let xBias
if (a > 0 && b > 0) {
xBias = 0
} else if (a < 0) {
xBias = 180
} else if (a > 0 && b < 0) {
xBias = 360
}
return radiansToDegrees(Math.atan(b / a)) + xBias
}
function radiansToDegrees(radians) {
return radians * (180 / Math.PI)
}
function degreesToRadians(degrees) {
return degrees * Math.PI / 180
}
/**
* Saturated colors appear brighter to human eye.
* That's called Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect.
* Fairchild and Pirrotta came up with a formula to
* calculate a correction for that effect.
* "Color Quality of Semiconductor and Conventional Light Sources":
* https://books.google.ru/books?id=ptDJDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=fairchild+pirrotta+correction&source=bl&ots=7gXR2MGJs7&sig=ACfU3U3uIHo0ZUdZB_Cz9F9NldKzBix0oQ&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi47LGivOvmAhUHEpoKHU_ICkIQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=fairchild%20pirrotta%20correction&f=false
* @return {number}
*/
function getLightnessUsingFairchildPirrottaCorrection([l, c, h]) {
const l_ = 2.5 - 0.025 * l
const g = 0.116 * Math.abs(Math.sin(degreesToRadians((h - 90) / 2))) + 0.085
return l + l_ * g * c
}
export function getPerceivedLightness(hex) {
return getLightnessUsingFairchildPirrottaCorrection(labToLch(xyzToLab(rgbToXyz(hex))))
}
其他回答
亮度值= 0.3 R + 0.59 G + 0.11 B
http://www.scantips.com/lumin.html
如果你想知道颜色有多接近白色你可以用欧几里得距离(255,255,255)
我认为RGB颜色空间相对于L2欧几里得距离在感知上是不均匀的。 统一空间包括CIE LAB和LUV。
再加上其他人说的话:
所有这些方程在实践中都工作得很好,但如果你需要非常精确,你必须首先将颜色转换为线性颜色空间(应用逆图像-gamma),对原色进行权重平均,如果你想显示颜色- 把亮度调回监控器伽马。
在深灰色中,忽略伽玛和正确伽玛之间的亮度差异高达20%。
与其迷失在这里提到的随机选择的公式中,我建议您使用W3C标准推荐的公式。
下面是WCAG 2.0 SC 1.4.3相对亮度和对比度公式的简单而精确的PHP实现。它生成的值适合于评估符合WCAG要求的比率,就像在这个页面上一样,因此适用于任何web应用程序。这对于移植到其他语言来说是微不足道的。
/**
* Calculate relative luminance in sRGB colour space for use in WCAG 2.0 compliance
* @link http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/#relativeluminancedef
* @param string $col A 3 or 6-digit hex colour string
* @return float
* @author Marcus Bointon <marcus@synchromedia.co.uk>
*/
function relativeluminance($col) {
//Remove any leading #
$col = trim($col, '#');
//Convert 3-digit to 6-digit
if (strlen($col) == 3) {
$col = $col[0] . $col[0] . $col[1] . $col[1] . $col[2] . $col[2];
}
//Convert hex to 0-1 scale
$components = array(
'r' => hexdec(substr($col, 0, 2)) / 255,
'g' => hexdec(substr($col, 2, 2)) / 255,
'b' => hexdec(substr($col, 4, 2)) / 255
);
//Correct for sRGB
foreach($components as $c => $v) {
if ($v <= 0.04045) {
$components[$c] = $v / 12.92;
} else {
$components[$c] = pow((($v + 0.055) / 1.055), 2.4);
}
}
//Calculate relative luminance using ITU-R BT. 709 coefficients
return ($components['r'] * 0.2126) + ($components['g'] * 0.7152) + ($components['b'] * 0.0722);
}
/**
* Calculate contrast ratio acording to WCAG 2.0 formula
* Will return a value between 1 (no contrast) and 21 (max contrast)
* @link http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/#contrast-ratiodef
* @param string $c1 A 3 or 6-digit hex colour string
* @param string $c2 A 3 or 6-digit hex colour string
* @return float
* @author Marcus Bointon <marcus@synchromedia.co.uk>
*/
function contrastratio($c1, $c2) {
$y1 = relativeluminance($c1);
$y2 = relativeluminance($c2);
//Arrange so $y1 is lightest
if ($y1 < $y2) {
$y3 = $y1;
$y1 = $y2;
$y2 = $y3;
}
return ($y1 + 0.05) / ($y2 + 0.05);
}
The inverse-gamma formula by Jive Dadson needs to have the half-adjust removed when implemented in Javascript, i.e. the return from function gam_sRGB needs to be return int(v*255); not return int(v*255+.5); Half-adjust rounds up, and this can cause a value one too high on a R=G=B i.e. grey colour triad. Greyscale conversion on a R=G=B triad should produce a value equal to R; it's one proof that the formula is valid. See Nine Shades of Greyscale for the formula in action (without the half-adjust).
我认为你正在寻找的是RGB ->流光转换公式。
光度/数字ITU BT.709:
Y = 0.2126 R + 0.7152 G + 0.0722 B
数字ITU BT.601(给予R和B部分更多权重):
Y = 0.299 R + 0.587 G + 0.114 B
如果你愿意用准确性来换取性能,有两个近似公式:
Y = 0.33 R + 0.5 G + 0.16 B
Y = 0.375 R + 0.5 G + 0.125 B
这些可以快速计算为
Y = (R+R+B+G+G+G)/6
Y = (R+R+R+B+G+G+G+G)>>3
推荐文章
- CSS: 100%的宽度或高度,同时保持纵横比?
- 如何将PDF文档转换为PHP预览图像?
- 从输出中删除颜色
- 在Android上调整一个大的位图文件到缩放输出文件
- 使用node.js下载图像
- 如何比较两种颜色的相似/不同
- 用JavaScript创建一个基于字符串的十六进制颜色
- libpng警告:iCCP:已知错误的sRGB配置文件
- 我如何获得iOS 7默认的蓝色编程?
- 如何在一张图中为不同的地块得到不同颜色的线条
- 如何将base64编码的映像保存到磁盘?
- 在Android上理解颜色(6个字符)
- 如何合并一个透明的png图像与另一个图像使用PIL
- 存储图像在SQL Server?
- 如何将一个颜色整数转换为十六进制字符串在Android?