HSV的“V”可能就是你要找的。MATLAB有一个rgb2hsv函数，之前引用的维基百科文章充满了伪代码。如果RGB2HSV转换不可行，则较不准确的模型将是图像的灰度版本。

这里有一小段C代码，可以正确地计算可感知的亮度。

// reverses the rgb gamma
#define inverseGamma(t) (((t) <= 0.0404482362771076) ? ((t)/12.92) : pow(((t) + 0.055)/1.055, 2.4))

//CIE L*a*b* f function (used to convert XYZ to L*a*b*)  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab_color_space
#define LABF(t) ((t >= 8.85645167903563082e-3) ? powf(t,0.333333333333333) : (841.0/108.0)*(t) + (4.0/29.0))


float
rgbToCIEL(PIXEL p)
{
   float y;
   float r=p.r/255.0;
   float g=p.g/255.0;
   float b=p.b/255.0;

   r=inverseGamma(r);
   g=inverseGamma(g);
   b=inverseGamma(b);

   //Observer = 2°, Illuminant = D65 
   y = 0.2125862307855955516*r + 0.7151703037034108499*g + 0.07220049864333622685*b;

   // At this point we've done RGBtoXYZ now do XYZ to Lab

   // y /= WHITEPOINT_Y; The white point for y in D65 is 1.0

    y = LABF(y);

   /* This is the "normal conversion which produces values scaled to 100
    Lab.L = 116.0*y - 16.0;
   */
   return(1.16*y - 0.16); // return values for 0.0 >=L <=1.0
}

请定义亮度。如果你想知道颜色有多接近白色你可以用欧几里得距离(255,255,255)

HSV色彩空间应该做的把戏，看维基百科文章取决于你正在工作的语言，你可能会得到一个库转换。

H是色调，是颜色的数值(即红色，绿色…)

S是颜色的饱和度，即它有多“强烈”

V是颜色的亮度。

基于所有这些答案，我的简单结论是，对于大多数实际用例，您只需要:

brightness = 0.2*r + 0.7*g + 0.1*b 

当r,g,b值在0到255之间时，亮度范围也在0(=黑)到255(=白)之间。

可以对它进行微调，但通常没有必要。

The inverse-gamma formula by Jive Dadson needs to have the half-adjust removed when implemented in Javascript, i.e. the return from function gam_sRGB needs to be return int(v*255); not return int(v*255+.5); Half-adjust rounds up, and this can cause a value one too high on a R=G=B i.e. grey colour triad. Greyscale conversion on a R=G=B triad should produce a value equal to R; it's one proof that the formula is valid. See Nine Shades of Greyscale for the formula in action (without the half-adjust).