根据c++编程语言中的Stroustrup:

你使用哪种风格取决于环境和品味。对于所有数据都是公共的类，我通常更喜欢使用struct。我认为这样的类“不是很合适的类型，只是数据结构”。

在功能上，除了public / private没有区别

类的成员默认为private, struct的成员默认为public。

例如，程序1编译失败，程序2运行正常。

// Program 1
#include <stdio.h>
 
class Test {
    int x; // x is private
};

int main()
{
  Test t;
  t.x = 20; // compiler error because x is private
  getchar();
  return 0;
}

// Program 2
#include <stdio.h>
 
struct Test {
    int x; // x is public
};

int main()
{
  Test t;
  t.x = 20; // works fine because x is public
  getchar();
  return 0;
}

从类/结构派生结构时，基类/结构的默认访问说明符为public。派生类时，默认访问说明符为private。

例如，程序3编译失败，程序4工作正常。

// Program 3
#include <stdio.h>
 
class Base {
public:
    int x;
};
 
class Derived : Base { }; // is equivalent to class Derived : private Base {}
 
int main()
{
  Derived d;
  d.x = 20; // compiler error because inheritance is private
  getchar();
  return 0;
}

// Program 4
#include <stdio.h>
 
class Base {
public:
    int x;
};
 
struct Derived : Base { }; // is equivalent to struct Derived : public Base {}
 
int main()
{
  Derived d;
  d.x = 20; // works fine because inheritance is public
  getchar();
  return 0;
}

类和结构之间的区别是关键字之间的区别，而不是数据类型之间的区别。这两个

struct foo : foo_base { int x;};
class bar : bar_base { int x; };

两者都定义了一个类类型。这里关键字的区别在于默认访问权限的不同:

Foo::x是公共的，foo_base是公共继承的 Bar::x是私有的，bar_base是私有继承的

. In classes all the members by default are private but in structure members are public by default. There is no term like constructor and destructor for structs, but for class compiler creates default if you don't provide. Sizeof empty structure is 0 Bytes wer as Sizeof empty class is 1 Byte The struct default access type is public. A struct should typically be used for grouping data. The class default access type is private, and the default mode for inheritance is private. A class should be used for grouping data and methods that operate on that data. In short, the convention is to use struct when the purpose is to group data, and use classes when we require data abstraction and, perhaps inheritance. In C++ structures and classes are passed by value, unless explicitly de-referenced. In other languages classes and structures may have distinct semantics - ie. objects (instances of classes) may be passed by reference and structures may be passed by value. Note: There are comments associated with this question. See the discussion page to add to the conversation.

另一件需要注意的事情是，如果你更新了一个有结构的遗留应用程序来使用类，你可能会遇到以下问题:

旧代码有结构，代码被清理，这些被更改为类。 然后将一两个虚函数添加到新更新的类中。

当虚函数在类中时，编译器会在内部添加额外的指针指向类数据，以指向函数。

这将如何打破旧的遗留代码是，如果在旧代码中的某个地方使用memfill将结构清除为零，这也将破坏额外的指针数据。

STRUCT是一种抽象数据类型，它根据结构规范划分给定的内存块。结构体在文件序列化/反序列化中特别有用，因为结构体通常可以被逐字写入文件。(例如，获取一个指向结构的指针，使用SIZE宏计算要复制的字节数，然后将数据移进或移出结构。)

类是一种不同类型的抽象数据类型，试图确保信息隐藏。在内部，可以有各种各样的诡计，方法，临时变量，状态变量。等等，它们都被用来为任何希望使用该类的代码提供一致的API。

实际上，结构体是关于数据的，类是关于代码的。

但是，您确实需要理解这些仅仅是抽象。创建看起来很像类的结构体和看起来很像结构体的类是完全可能的。事实上，最早的c++编译器只是将c++代码转换为C的预编译器。因此，这些抽象有助于逻辑思维，而不一定是计算机本身的资产。

Beyond the fact that each is a different type of abstraction, Classes provide solutions to the C code naming puzzle. Since you can't have more than one function exposed with the same name, developers used to follow a pattern of _(). e.g. mathlibextreme_max(). By grouping APIs into classes, similar functions (here we call them "methods") can be grouped together and protected from the naming of methods in other classes. This allows the programmer to organize his code better and increase code reuse. In theory, at least.