给定以下代码(不起作用):
while True:
# Snip: print out current state
while True:
ok = get_input("Is this ok? (y/n)")
if ok.lower() == "y": break 2 # This doesn't work :(
if ok.lower() == "n": break
# Do more processing with menus and stuff
有办法解决这个问题吗?还是我必须先检查一次，跳出输入循环，然后再检查一次，如果用户满意，再跳出外部循环?
当前回答
首先，普通的逻辑是有用的。
如果由于某种原因，终止条件无法确定，例外是一个后备计划。
class GetOutOfLoop( Exception ):
pass
try:
done= False
while not done:
isok= False
while not (done or isok):
ok = get_input("Is this ok? (y/n)")
if ok in ("y", "Y") or ok in ("n", "N") :
done= True # probably better
raise GetOutOfLoop
# other stuff
except GetOutOfLoop:
pass
对于这个特定的示例，可能不需要异常。
另一方面，在字符模式应用程序中，我们经常有“Y”、“N”和“Q”选项。对于"Q"选项，我们要立即退出。这是比较特殊的。
其他回答
如果两个条件为真，则继续循环。
我认为这是一种更python化的方式:
dejaVu = True
while dejaVu:
while True:
ok = raw_input("Is this ok? (y/n)")
if ok == "y" or ok == "Y" or ok == "n" or ok == "N":
dejaVu = False
break
keeplooping = True
while keeplooping:
# Do stuff
while keeplooping:
# Do some other stuff
if finisheddoingstuff():
keeplooping = False
或者类似的东西。
您可以在内部循环中设置一个变量，并在内部循环退出后立即在外部循环中检查它，如果合适的话可以中断。我有点喜欢GOTO方法，前提是你不介意使用愚人节的笑话模块——它不是python的，但它确实有意义。
你可以使用一个标志来打破循环:
if found:
break
这里，'found'是标志，你最初将它设置为False，然后在循环中使用这段代码。
found = False
for table_height in range(500):
if found:
break
下面是三个for循环的完整代码:
found = False
for table_height in range(500):
if found:
break
for cat_height in range(500):
if found:
break
for tort_height in range(500):
equation1 = table_height + cat_height == tort_height + 170
equation2 = table_height + tort_height == cat_height + 130
if equation1 and equation2:
print('table', table_height, ' cat', cat_height, ' tortoise', tort_height)
found = True
break
在这段代码中，如果等式1和等式2为True，它将设置'found'标志为True，并跳出最里面的for循环，它也将跳出其他两个for循环，因为'found'为True。
要跳出多个嵌套循环，而不需要重构为函数，可以使用带有内置StopIteration异常的“模拟goto语句”:
try:
for outer in range(100):
for inner in range(100):
if break_early():
raise StopIteration
except StopIteration: pass
请参阅使用goto语句打破嵌套循环的讨论。
以下是一个非常简短的版本: 创建名为break_out_nested.py的文件
import itertools
import sys
it = sys.modules[__name__] # this allows us to share variables with break_out_nested.py when we import it
def bol(*args):
condi = args[-1] # the condition function
i = args[:-1] # all iterables
for p in itertools.product(*i): # itertools.product creates the nested loop
if condi(): # if the condition is True, we return
return
yield p # if not, we yield the result
现在你只需要几行就可以打破嵌套的循环(数据来自Rafiq的例子)
from break_out_nested import it, bol # import what we have just created
# you need to create new variables as attributes of it,
# because break_out_nested has only access to these variables
it.i, it.j, it.k = 1, 1, 1
# the break condition
def cond(): return it.i % 3 == 0 and it.j % 3 == 0 and it.k % 3 == 0
# The condition will be checked in each loop
for it.i, it.j, it.k in bol(range(1, 6, 1), range(1, 11, 2, ), range(1, 21, 4), cond):
print(it.i, it.j, it.k)
更多的例子:
def cond(): return it.i + it.j + it.k == 777
it.i, it.j, it.k = 0, 0, 0
for it.i, it.j, it.k in bol(range(100), range(1000), range(10000), cond):
print(it.i, it.j, it.k)
def cond(): return it.i + it.j + it.k >= 100000
it.i, it.j, it.k = 0, 0, 0
# you dont have to use it.i, it.j, it.k as the loop variables, you can
# use anything you want, but you have to update the variables somewhere
for i, j, k in bol(range(100), range(1000), range(10000), cond):
it.i, it.j, it.k = i * 10, j * 100, k * 100
print(it.i, it.j, it.k)
