堆栈展开主要是c++的概念，处理当堆栈分配的对象的作用域退出时(正常退出或通过异常退出)如何销毁。

假设你有这样一段代码:

void hw() {
    string hello("Hello, ");
    string world("world!\n");
    cout << hello << world;
} // at this point, "world" is destroyed, followed by "hello"

我不知道你是否读过这篇文章，但维基百科关于调用堆栈的文章有一个很好的解释。

解除:

Returning from the called function will pop the top frame off of the stack, perhaps leaving a return value. The more general act of popping one or more frames off the stack to resume execution elsewhere in the program is called stack unwinding and must be performed when non-local control structures are used, such as those used for exception handling. In this case, the stack frame of a function contains one or more entries specifying exception handlers. When an exception is thrown, the stack is unwound until a handler is found that is prepared to handle (catch) the type of the thrown exception. Some languages have other control structures that require general unwinding. Pascal allows a global goto statement to transfer control out of a nested function and into a previously invoked outer function. This operation requires the stack to be unwound, removing as many stack frames as necessary to restore the proper context to transfer control to the target statement within the enclosing outer function. Similarly, C has the setjmp and longjmp functions that act as non-local gotos. Common Lisp allows control of what happens when the stack is unwound by using the unwind-protect special operator. When applying a continuation, the stack is (logically) unwound and then rewound with the stack of the continuation. This is not the only way to implement continuations; for example, using multiple, explicit stacks, application of a continuation can simply activate its stack and wind a value to be passed. The Scheme programming language allows arbitrary thunks to be executed in specified points on "unwinding" or "rewinding" of the control stack when a continuation is invoked.

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堆栈展开主要是c++的概念，处理当堆栈分配的对象的作用域退出时(正常退出或通过异常退出)如何销毁。

假设你有这样一段代码:

void hw() {
    string hello("Hello, ");
    string world("world!\n");
    cout << hello << world;
} // at this point, "world" is destroyed, followed by "hello"

在Java堆栈中，不宽或不伤人不是很重要(使用垃圾收集器)。在许多异常处理论文中，我看到了这个概念(堆栈展开)，特别是那些作者在C或c++中处理异常处理。对于try catch块，我们不应该忘记:在局部块之后释放所有对象的堆栈。

所有这些都与c++有关:

定义: 当您静态地创建对象(在堆栈上而不是在堆内存中分配对象)并执行函数调用时，它们是“堆叠起来的”。

当一个作用域(由{和}分隔的任何内容)退出(通过使用return XXX;，到达作用域的末尾或抛出异常)时，该作用域内的所有内容都被销毁(对所有内容调用析构函数)。这个销毁局部对象并调用析构函数的过程称为堆栈展开。

您有以下与堆栈展开相关的问题:

avoiding memory leaks (anything dynamically allocated that is not managed by a local object and cleaned up in the destructor will be leaked) - see RAII referred to by Nikolai, and the documentation for boost::scoped_ptr or this example of using boost::mutex::scoped_lock. program consistency: the C++ specifications state that you should never throw an exception before any existing exception has been handled. This means that the stack unwinding process should never throw an exception (either use only code guaranteed not to throw in destructors, or surround everything in destructors with try { and } catch(...) {}).

如果任何析构函数在堆栈展开过程中抛出异常，那么就会出现未定义的行为，这可能导致程序意外终止(最常见的行为)或整个宇宙结束(理论上是可能的，但在实践中尚未观察到)。

每个人都谈论过c++中的异常处理。但是，我认为堆栈展开还有另一个内涵，它与调试有关。调试器必须在应该转到当前帧之前的帧时进行堆栈展开。然而，这是一种虚拟unwind，因为当它回到当前帧时需要倒带。例如gdb中的up/down/bt命令。