什么是栈展开?

什么是栈展开?搜索了一遍，但没有找到有启发性的答案!

当前回答

堆栈展开是在运行时从函数调用堆栈中删除函数项的过程。它通常与异常处理有关。在c++中，当发生异常时，函数调用堆栈会线性地搜索异常处理程序，在带有异常处理程序的函数之前的所有条目都将从函数调用堆栈中删除。

2021-06-29 04:16:56

其他回答

我读了一篇博客文章，帮助我理解。

What is stack unwinding? In any language that supports recursive functions (ie. pretty much everything except Fortran 77 and Brainf*ck) the language runtime keeps a stack of what functions are currently executing. Stack unwinding is a way of inspecting, and possibly modifying, that stack. Why would you want to do that? The answer may seem obvious, but there are several related, yet subtly different, situations where unwinding is useful or necessary: As a runtime control-flow mechanism (C++ exceptions, C longjmp(), etc). In a debugger, to show the user the stack. In a profiler, to take a sample of the stack. From the program itself (like from a crash handler to show the stack). These have subtly different requirements. Some of these are performance-critical, some are not. Some require the ability to reconstruct registers from outer frame, some do not. But we'll get into all that in a second.

你可以在这里找到完整的帖子。

2014-05-08 15:45:43

2021-06-29 04:16:56

所有这些都与c++有关:

定义: 当您静态地创建对象(在堆栈上而不是在堆内存中分配对象)并执行函数调用时，它们是“堆叠起来的”。

当一个作用域(由{和}分隔的任何内容)退出(通过使用return XXX;，到达作用域的末尾或抛出异常)时，该作用域内的所有内容都被销毁(对所有内容调用析构函数)。这个销毁局部对象并调用析构函数的过程称为堆栈展开。

您有以下与堆栈展开相关的问题:

avoiding memory leaks (anything dynamically allocated that is not managed by a local object and cleaned up in the destructor will be leaked) - see RAII referred to by Nikolai, and the documentation for boost::scoped_ptr or this example of using boost::mutex::scoped_lock. program consistency: the C++ specifications state that you should never throw an exception before any existing exception has been handled. This means that the stack unwinding process should never throw an exception (either use only code guaranteed not to throw in destructors, or surround everything in destructors with try { and } catch(...) {}).

如果任何析构函数在堆栈展开过程中抛出异常，那么就会出现未定义的行为，这可能导致程序意外终止(最常见的行为)或整个宇宙结束(理论上是可能的，但在实践中尚未观察到)。

2010-02-25 09:21:41

c++运行时销毁在throw和catch之间创建的所有自动变量。在下面这个简单的例子中，f1()抛出和main()捕获，在B和A类型的对象之间按此顺序在堆栈上创建。当f1()抛出时，将调用B和A的析构函数。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A
{
    public:
       ~A() { cout << "A's dtor" << endl; }
};

class B
{
    public:
       ~B() { cout << "B's dtor" << endl; }
};

void f1()
{
    B b;
    throw (100);
}

void f()
{
    A a;
    f1();
}

int main()
{
    try
    {
        f();
    }
    catch (int num)
    {
        cout << "Caught exception: " << num << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

这个程序的输出将是