在Java堆栈中，不宽或不伤人不是很重要(使用垃圾收集器)。在许多异常处理论文中，我看到了这个概念(堆栈展开)，特别是那些作者在C或c++中处理异常处理。对于try catch块，我们不应该忘记:在局部块之后释放所有对象的堆栈。

所有这些都与c++有关:

定义: 当您静态地创建对象(在堆栈上而不是在堆内存中分配对象)并执行函数调用时，它们是“堆叠起来的”。

当一个作用域(由{和}分隔的任何内容)退出(通过使用return XXX;，到达作用域的末尾或抛出异常)时，该作用域内的所有内容都被销毁(对所有内容调用析构函数)。这个销毁局部对象并调用析构函数的过程称为堆栈展开。

您有以下与堆栈展开相关的问题:

avoiding memory leaks (anything dynamically allocated that is not managed by a local object and cleaned up in the destructor will be leaked) - see RAII referred to by Nikolai, and the documentation for boost::scoped_ptr or this example of using boost::mutex::scoped_lock. program consistency: the C++ specifications state that you should never throw an exception before any existing exception has been handled. This means that the stack unwinding process should never throw an exception (either use only code guaranteed not to throw in destructors, or surround everything in destructors with try { and } catch(...) {}).

如果任何析构函数在堆栈展开过程中抛出异常，那么就会出现未定义的行为，这可能导致程序意外终止(最常见的行为)或整个宇宙结束(理论上是可能的，但在实践中尚未观察到)。

在Java堆栈中，不宽或不伤人不是很重要(使用垃圾收集器)。在许多异常处理论文中，我看到了这个概念(堆栈展开)，特别是那些作者在C或c++中处理异常处理。对于try catch块，我们不应该忘记:在局部块之后释放所有对象的堆栈。

我读了一篇博客文章，帮助我理解。

What is stack unwinding? In any language that supports recursive functions (ie. pretty much everything except Fortran 77 and Brainf*ck) the language runtime keeps a stack of what functions are currently executing. Stack unwinding is a way of inspecting, and possibly modifying, that stack. Why would you want to do that? The answer may seem obvious, but there are several related, yet subtly different, situations where unwinding is useful or necessary: As a runtime control-flow mechanism (C++ exceptions, C longjmp(), etc). In a debugger, to show the user the stack. In a profiler, to take a sample of the stack. From the program itself (like from a crash handler to show the stack). These have subtly different requirements. Some of these are performance-critical, some are not. Some require the ability to reconstruct registers from outer frame, some do not. But we'll get into all that in a second.

你可以在这里找到完整的帖子。

在我看来，本文中给出的下图漂亮地解释了堆栈unwind对下一条指令路径的影响(一旦抛出未捕获的异常，将执行):

在图片中:

上面一个是正常的调用执行(没有抛出异常)。 当抛出异常时，位于底部。

在第二种情况下，当发生异常时，将在函数调用堆栈中线性搜索异常处理程序。搜索结束于带有异常处理程序的函数，即带有try-catch块的main()，但不是在从函数调用堆栈中删除它之前的所有条目之前。

堆栈展开是在运行时从函数调用堆栈中删除函数项的过程。它通常与异常处理有关。在c++中，当发生异常时，函数调用堆栈会线性地搜索异常处理程序，在带有异常处理程序的函数之前的所有条目都将从函数调用堆栈中删除。