如何将彩色字符打印到支持彩色字符的Linux终端?
如何判断终端是否支持颜色码?
当前回答
gon1332头文件的扩展版本:
//
// COLORS.h
//
// Posted by Gon1332 May 15 2015 on StackOverflow
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2616906/how-do-i-output-coloured-text-to-a-linux-terminal#2616912
//
// Description: An easy header file to make colored text output to terminal second nature.
// Modified by Shades Aug. 14 2018
// PLEASE carefully read comments before using this tool, this will save you a lot of bugs that are going to be just about impossible to find.
#ifndef COLORS_h
#define COLORS_h
/* FOREGROUND */
// These codes set the actual text to the specified color
#define RESETTEXT "\x1B[0m" // Set all colors back to normal.
#define FOREBLK "\x1B[30m" // Black
#define FORERED "\x1B[31m" // Red
#define FOREGRN "\x1B[32m" // Green
#define FOREYEL "\x1B[33m" // Yellow
#define FOREBLU "\x1B[34m" // Blue
#define FOREMAG "\x1B[35m" // Magenta
#define FORECYN "\x1B[36m" // Cyan
#define FOREWHT "\x1B[37m" // White
/* BACKGROUND */
// These codes set the background color behind the text.
#define BACKBLK "\x1B[40m"
#define BACKRED "\x1B[41m"
#define BACKGRN "\x1B[42m"
#define BACKYEL "\x1B[43m"
#define BACKBLU "\x1B[44m"
#define BACKMAG "\x1B[45m"
#define BACKCYN "\x1B[46m"
#define BACKWHT "\x1B[47m"
// These will set the text color and then set it back to normal afterwards.
#define BLK(x) FOREBLK x RESETTEXT
#define RED(x) FORERED x RESETTEXT
#define GRN(x) FOREGRN x RESETTEXT
#define YEL(x) FOREYEL x RESETTEXT
#define BLU(x) FOREBLU x RESETTEXT
#define MAG(x) FOREMAG x RESETTEXT
#define CYN(x) FORECYN x RESETTEXT
#define WHT(x) FOREWHT x RESETTEXT
// Example usage: cout << BLU("This text's color is now blue!") << endl;
// These will set the text's background color then reset it back.
#define BackBLK(x) BACKBLK x RESETTEXT
#define BackRED(x) BACKRED x RESETTEXT
#define BackGRN(x) BACKGRN x RESETTEXT
#define BackYEL(x) BACKYEL x RESETTEXT
#define BackBLU(x) BACKBLU x RESETTEXT
#define BackMAG(x) BACKMAG x RESETTEXT
#define BackCYN(x) BACKCYN x RESETTEXT
#define BackWHT(x) BACKWHT x RESETTEXT
// Example usage: cout << BACKRED(FOREBLU("I am blue text on a red background!")) << endl;
// These functions will set the background to the specified color indefinitely.
// NOTE: These do NOT call RESETTEXT afterwards. Thus, they will set the background color indefinitely until the user executes cout << RESETTEXT
// OR if a function is used that calles RESETTEXT i.e. cout << RED("Hello World!") will reset the background color since it calls RESETTEXT.
// To set text COLOR indefinitely, see SetFore functions below.
#define SetBackBLK BACKBLK
#define SetBackRED BACKRED
#define SetBackGRN BACKGRN
#define SetBackYEL BACKYEL
#define SetBackBLU BACKBLU
#define SetBackMAG BACKMAG
#define SetBackCYN BACKCYN
#define SetBackWHT BACKWHT
// Example usage: cout << SetBackRED << "This text's background and all text after it will be red until RESETTEXT is called in some way" << endl;
// These functions will set the text color until RESETTEXT is called. (See above comments)
#define SetForeBLK FOREBLK
#define SetForeRED FORERED
#define SetForeGRN FOREGRN
#define SetForeYEL FOREYEL
#define SetForeBLU FOREBLU
#define SetForeMAG FOREMAG
#define SetForeCYN FORECYN
#define SetForeWHT FOREWHT
// Example usage: cout << SetForeRED << "This text and all text after it will be red until RESETTEXT is called in some way" << endl;
#define BOLD(x) "\x1B[1m" x RESETTEXT // Embolden text then reset it.
#define BRIGHT(x) "\x1B[1m" x RESETTEXT // Brighten text then reset it. (Same as bold but is available for program clarity)
#define UNDL(x) "\x1B[4m" x RESETTEXT // Underline text then reset it.
// Example usage: cout << BOLD(BLU("I am bold blue text!")) << endl;
// These functions will embolden or underline text indefinitely until RESETTEXT is called in some way.
#define SetBOLD "\x1B[1m" // Embolden text indefinitely.
#define SetBRIGHT "\x1B[1m" // Brighten text indefinitely. (Same as bold but is available for program clarity)
#define SetUNDL "\x1B[4m" // Underline text indefinitely.
// Example usage: cout << setBOLD << "I and all text after me will be BOLD/Bright until RESETTEXT is called in some way!" << endl;
#endif /* COLORS_h */
正如你所看到的，它有更多的功能，比如临时、无限期地设置背景颜色，以及其他功能。我也相信它对初学者更友好，更容易记住所有的函数。
#include <iostream>
#include "COLORS.h"
int main() {
std::cout << SetBackBLU << SetForeRED << endl;
std::cout << "I am red text on a blue background! :) " << endl;
return 0;
}
只需在项目中包含头文件，就可以使用彩色终端输出了。
其他回答
我为此写了一个跨平台的库color_ostream，支持ANSI color, 256 color和true color，你所要做的就是直接包括它，并像这样将cout改为rd_cout。
| std | basic color | 256 color | true color |
|---|---|---|---|
| std::cout | color_ostream::rd_cout | color_ostream::rd256_cout | color_ostream::rdtrue_cout |
| std::wcout | color_ostream::rd_wcout | color_ostream::rd256_wcout | color_ostream::rdtrue_wcout |
| std::cerr | color_ostream::rd_cerr | color_ostream::rd256_cerr | color_ostream::rdtrue_cerr |
| std::wcerr | color_ostream::rd_wcerr | color_ostream::rd256_wcerr | color_ostream::rdtrue_wcerr |
| std::clog | color_ostream::rd_clog | color_ostream::rd256_clog | color_ostream::rdtrue_clog |
| std::wclog | color_ostream::rd_wclog | color_ostream::rd256_wclog | color_ostream::rdtrue_wclog |
这里有一个简单的例子:
//hello.cpp
#include "color_ostream.h"
using namespace color_ostream;
int main([[maybe_unused]] int argc, [[maybe_unused]] char *argv[]) {
rd_wcout.imbue(std::locale(std::locale(),"",LC_CTYPE));
rd_wcout << L"Hello world\n";
rd_wcout << L"Hola Mundo\n";
rd_wcout << L"Bonjour le monde\n";
rd256_wcout << L"\n256 color" << std::endl;
rd256_wcout << L"Hello world\n";
rd256_wcout << L"Hola Mundo\n";
rd256_wcout << L"Bonjour le monde\n";
rdtrue_wcout << L"\ntrue color" << std::endl;
rdtrue_wcout << L"Hello world\n";
rdtrue_wcout << L"Hola Mundo\n";
rdtrue_wcout << L"Bonjour le monde\n";
return 0;
}
从我的理解，一个典型的ANSI颜色代码
"\033[{FORMAT_ATTRIBUTE};{FORGROUND_COLOR};{BACKGROUND_COLOR}m{TEXT}\033[{RESET_FORMATE_ATTRIBUTE}m"
由(名称和编解码器)组成
FORMAT ATTRIBUTE { "Default", "0" }, { "Bold", "1" }, { "Dim", "2" }, { "Italics", "3"}, { "Underlined", "4" }, { "Blink", "5" }, { "Reverse", "7" }, { "Hidden", "8" } FORGROUND COLOR { "Default", "39" }, { "Black", "30" }, { "Red", "31" }, { "Green", "32" }, { "Yellow", "33" }, { "Blue", "34" }, { "Magenta", "35" }, { "Cyan", "36" }, { "Light Gray", "37" }, { "Dark Gray", "90" }, { "Light Red", "91" }, { "Light Green", "92" }, { "Light Yellow", "93" }, { "Light Blue", "94" }, { "Light Magenta", "95" }, { "Light Cyan", "96" }, { "White", "97" } BACKGROUND COLOR { "Default", "49" }, { "Black", "40" }, { "Red", "41" }, { "Green", "42" }, { "Yellow", "43" }, { "Blue", "44" }, { "Megenta", "45" }, { "Cyan", "46" }, { "Light Gray", "47" }, { "Dark Gray", "100" }, { "Light Red", "101" }, { "Light Green", "102" }, { "Light Yellow", "103" }, { "Light Blue", "104" }, { "Light Magenta", "105" }, { "Light Cyan", "106" }, { "White", "107" } TEXT RESET FORMAT ATTRIBUTE { "All", "0" }, { "Bold", "21" }, { "Dim", "22" }, { "Underlined", "24" }, { "Blink", "25" }, { "Reverse", "27" }, { "Hidden", "28" }
有了这些信息，就很容易给字符串“I am a banana!”上色，前景色为“黄色”，背景色为“绿色”，就像这样
"\033[0;33;42mI am a Banana!\033[0m"
或者用c++库着色
auto const& colorized_text = color::rize( "I am a banana!", "Yellow", "Green" );
std::cout << colorized_text << std::endl;
更多关于FORMAT ATTRIBUTE的例子
gon1332头文件的扩展版本:
//
// COLORS.h
//
// Posted by Gon1332 May 15 2015 on StackOverflow
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2616906/how-do-i-output-coloured-text-to-a-linux-terminal#2616912
//
// Description: An easy header file to make colored text output to terminal second nature.
// Modified by Shades Aug. 14 2018
// PLEASE carefully read comments before using this tool, this will save you a lot of bugs that are going to be just about impossible to find.
#ifndef COLORS_h
#define COLORS_h
/* FOREGROUND */
// These codes set the actual text to the specified color
#define RESETTEXT "\x1B[0m" // Set all colors back to normal.
#define FOREBLK "\x1B[30m" // Black
#define FORERED "\x1B[31m" // Red
#define FOREGRN "\x1B[32m" // Green
#define FOREYEL "\x1B[33m" // Yellow
#define FOREBLU "\x1B[34m" // Blue
#define FOREMAG "\x1B[35m" // Magenta
#define FORECYN "\x1B[36m" // Cyan
#define FOREWHT "\x1B[37m" // White
/* BACKGROUND */
// These codes set the background color behind the text.
#define BACKBLK "\x1B[40m"
#define BACKRED "\x1B[41m"
#define BACKGRN "\x1B[42m"
#define BACKYEL "\x1B[43m"
#define BACKBLU "\x1B[44m"
#define BACKMAG "\x1B[45m"
#define BACKCYN "\x1B[46m"
#define BACKWHT "\x1B[47m"
// These will set the text color and then set it back to normal afterwards.
#define BLK(x) FOREBLK x RESETTEXT
#define RED(x) FORERED x RESETTEXT
#define GRN(x) FOREGRN x RESETTEXT
#define YEL(x) FOREYEL x RESETTEXT
#define BLU(x) FOREBLU x RESETTEXT
#define MAG(x) FOREMAG x RESETTEXT
#define CYN(x) FORECYN x RESETTEXT
#define WHT(x) FOREWHT x RESETTEXT
// Example usage: cout << BLU("This text's color is now blue!") << endl;
// These will set the text's background color then reset it back.
#define BackBLK(x) BACKBLK x RESETTEXT
#define BackRED(x) BACKRED x RESETTEXT
#define BackGRN(x) BACKGRN x RESETTEXT
#define BackYEL(x) BACKYEL x RESETTEXT
#define BackBLU(x) BACKBLU x RESETTEXT
#define BackMAG(x) BACKMAG x RESETTEXT
#define BackCYN(x) BACKCYN x RESETTEXT
#define BackWHT(x) BACKWHT x RESETTEXT
// Example usage: cout << BACKRED(FOREBLU("I am blue text on a red background!")) << endl;
// These functions will set the background to the specified color indefinitely.
// NOTE: These do NOT call RESETTEXT afterwards. Thus, they will set the background color indefinitely until the user executes cout << RESETTEXT
// OR if a function is used that calles RESETTEXT i.e. cout << RED("Hello World!") will reset the background color since it calls RESETTEXT.
// To set text COLOR indefinitely, see SetFore functions below.
#define SetBackBLK BACKBLK
#define SetBackRED BACKRED
#define SetBackGRN BACKGRN
#define SetBackYEL BACKYEL
#define SetBackBLU BACKBLU
#define SetBackMAG BACKMAG
#define SetBackCYN BACKCYN
#define SetBackWHT BACKWHT
// Example usage: cout << SetBackRED << "This text's background and all text after it will be red until RESETTEXT is called in some way" << endl;
// These functions will set the text color until RESETTEXT is called. (See above comments)
#define SetForeBLK FOREBLK
#define SetForeRED FORERED
#define SetForeGRN FOREGRN
#define SetForeYEL FOREYEL
#define SetForeBLU FOREBLU
#define SetForeMAG FOREMAG
#define SetForeCYN FORECYN
#define SetForeWHT FOREWHT
// Example usage: cout << SetForeRED << "This text and all text after it will be red until RESETTEXT is called in some way" << endl;
#define BOLD(x) "\x1B[1m" x RESETTEXT // Embolden text then reset it.
#define BRIGHT(x) "\x1B[1m" x RESETTEXT // Brighten text then reset it. (Same as bold but is available for program clarity)
#define UNDL(x) "\x1B[4m" x RESETTEXT // Underline text then reset it.
// Example usage: cout << BOLD(BLU("I am bold blue text!")) << endl;
// These functions will embolden or underline text indefinitely until RESETTEXT is called in some way.
#define SetBOLD "\x1B[1m" // Embolden text indefinitely.
#define SetBRIGHT "\x1B[1m" // Brighten text indefinitely. (Same as bold but is available for program clarity)
#define SetUNDL "\x1B[4m" // Underline text indefinitely.
// Example usage: cout << setBOLD << "I and all text after me will be BOLD/Bright until RESETTEXT is called in some way!" << endl;
#endif /* COLORS_h */
正如你所看到的，它有更多的功能，比如临时、无限期地设置背景颜色，以及其他功能。我也相信它对初学者更友好，更容易记住所有的函数。
#include <iostream>
#include "COLORS.h"
int main() {
std::cout << SetBackBLU << SetForeRED << endl;
std::cout << "I am red text on a blue background! :) " << endl;
return 0;
}
只需在项目中包含头文件，就可以使用彩色终端输出了。
我知道这个问题很老了，但我把这个答案贴出来给未来的读者。我用c++写了一个用于彩色输出的库。这使用操纵者，使工作容易支持跨平台，但没有在这里测试是如何使用这个，
#include "srilakshmikanthanp/ANSI.hpp"
using namespace srilakshmikanthanp;
3位和4位颜色:
// background
std::cout << ansi::BGyellow;
// foreground
std::cout << ansi::FGblue;
// output
std::cout << "Blue on yellow";
// reset
std::cout << ansi::reset;
8位颜色:
// background
std::cout << ansi::BGcolor(157);
// foreground
std::cout << ansi::FGcolor(100);
// outpt
std::cout << "8 bit color";
// reset
std::cout << ansi::reset;
24位颜色:
// background
std::cout << ansi::BGcolor(0, 255, 0);
// foreground
std::cout << ansi::FGcolor(0, 0, 255);
// output
std::cout << "24 bit color";
// reset
std::cout << ansi::reset;
字符串:
使用ansi::str可以很容易地将这个操作符转换为字符串
std::string BGyellow = ansi::str(ansi::BGyellow);
std::string FGblue = ansi::str(ansi::FGblue);
std::string reset = ansi::str(ansi::reset);
std::cout << BGyelow;
// foreground
std::cout << FGblue;
// output
std::cout << "Blue on Yellow";
// reset
std::cout << reset;
你可以在github上找到更多的信息:)
你可以使用转义序列，如果你的终端支持的话。例如:
echo \[\033[32m\]Hello, \[\033[36m\]colourful \[\033[33mworld!\033[0m\]
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