如何将彩色字符打印到支持彩色字符的Linux终端?
如何判断终端是否支持颜色码?
如何将彩色字符打印到支持彩色字符的Linux终端?
如何判断终端是否支持颜色码?
当前回答
这是一个老主题,但我编写了一个类,其中包含嵌套子类和由简单C宏定义的颜色静态成员。
我在dreamincode.net中通过用户no2pencil从这篇文章中获得了颜色函数。
我这样做是为了能够像这样使用std::cout流中的静态常量:
cout << zkr::cc::fore::red << "This is red text. "
<< zkr::cc::console << "And changing to console default colors, fg, bg."
<< endl;
类和测试程序的源代码可以在这里下载。
cc::console将重置为控制台默认颜色和属性,cc::underline将为文本下划线,这在putty上工作,我已经测试了测试程序。
颜色:
black
blue
red
magenta
green
cyan
yellow
white
lightblack
lightblue
lightred
lightmagenta
lightgreen
lightcyan
lightyellow
lightwhite
它可以用于cc静态类的前静态和后静态子类。
编辑2017
为了更实用,我在这里添加了类代码。
颜色代码宏:
#define CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT "\033[0m"
#define CC_FORECOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_BACKCOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_ATTR(A) "\033[" #A "m"
main color函数定义屏幕的颜色或属性:
char *cc::color(int attr, int fg, int bg)
{
static char command[13];
/* Command is the control command to the terminal */
sprintf(command, "%c[%d;%d;%dm", 0x1B, attr, fg + 30, bg + 40);
return command;
}
ccolor.h
#include <stdio.h>
#define CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT "\033[0m"
#define CC_FORECOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_BACKCOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_ATTR(A) "\033[" #A "m"
namespace zkr
{
class cc
{
public:
class fore
{
public:
static const char *black;
static const char *blue;
static const char *red;
static const char *magenta;
static const char *green;
static const char *cyan;
static const char *yellow;
static const char *white;
static const char *console;
static const char *lightblack;
static const char *lightblue;
static const char *lightred;
static const char *lightmagenta;
static const char *lightgreen;
static const char *lightcyan;
static const char *lightyellow;
static const char *lightwhite;
};
class back
{
public:
static const char *black;
static const char *blue;
static const char *red;
static const char *magenta;
static const char *green;
static const char *cyan;
static const char *yellow;
static const char *white;
static const char *console;
static const char *lightblack;
static const char *lightblue;
static const char *lightred;
static const char *lightmagenta;
static const char *lightgreen;
static const char *lightcyan;
static const char *lightyellow;
static const char *lightwhite;
};
static char *color(int attr, int fg, int bg);
static const char *console;
static const char *underline;
static const char *bold;
};
}
ccolor.cpp
#include "ccolor.h"
using namespace std;
namespace zkr
{
enum Color
{
Black,
Red,
Green,
Yellow,
Blue,
Magenta,
Cyan,
White,
Default = 9
};
enum Attributes
{
Reset,
Bright,
Dim,
Underline,
Blink,
Reverse,
Hidden
};
char *cc::color(int attr, int fg, int bg)
{
static char command[13];
/* Command is the control command to the terminal */
sprintf(command, "%c[%d;%d;%dm", 0x1B, attr, fg + 30, bg + 40);
return command;
}
const char *cc::console = CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT;
const char *cc::underline = CC_ATTR(4);
const char *cc::bold = CC_ATTR(1);
const char *cc::fore::black = CC_FORECOLOR(30);
const char *cc::fore::blue = CC_FORECOLOR(34);
const char *cc::fore::red = CC_FORECOLOR(31);
const char *cc::fore::magenta = CC_FORECOLOR(35);
const char *cc::fore::green = CC_FORECOLOR(92);
const char *cc::fore::cyan = CC_FORECOLOR(36);
const char *cc::fore::yellow = CC_FORECOLOR(33);
const char *cc::fore::white = CC_FORECOLOR(37);
const char *cc::fore::console = CC_FORECOLOR(39);
const char *cc::fore::lightblack = CC_FORECOLOR(90);
const char *cc::fore::lightblue = CC_FORECOLOR(94);
const char *cc::fore::lightred = CC_FORECOLOR(91);
const char *cc::fore::lightmagenta = CC_FORECOLOR(95);
const char *cc::fore::lightgreen = CC_FORECOLOR(92);
const char *cc::fore::lightcyan = CC_FORECOLOR(96);
const char *cc::fore::lightyellow = CC_FORECOLOR(93);
const char *cc::fore::lightwhite = CC_FORECOLOR(97);
const char *cc::back::black = CC_BACKCOLOR(40);
const char *cc::back::blue = CC_BACKCOLOR(44);
const char *cc::back::red = CC_BACKCOLOR(41);
const char *cc::back::magenta = CC_BACKCOLOR(45);
const char *cc::back::green = CC_BACKCOLOR(42);
const char *cc::back::cyan = CC_BACKCOLOR(46);
const char *cc::back::yellow = CC_BACKCOLOR(43);
const char *cc::back::white = CC_BACKCOLOR(47);
const char *cc::back::console = CC_BACKCOLOR(49);
const char *cc::back::lightblack = CC_BACKCOLOR(100);
const char *cc::back::lightblue = CC_BACKCOLOR(104);
const char *cc::back::lightred = CC_BACKCOLOR(101);
const char *cc::back::lightmagenta = CC_BACKCOLOR(105);
const char *cc::back::lightgreen = CC_BACKCOLOR(102);
const char *cc::back::lightcyan = CC_BACKCOLOR(106);
const char *cc::back::lightyellow = CC_BACKCOLOR(103);
const char *cc::back::lightwhite = CC_BACKCOLOR(107);
}
其他回答
我为此写了一个跨平台的库color_ostream,支持ANSI color, 256 color和true color,你所要做的就是直接包括它,并像这样将cout改为rd_cout。
std | basic color | 256 color | true color |
---|---|---|---|
std::cout | color_ostream::rd_cout | color_ostream::rd256_cout | color_ostream::rdtrue_cout |
std::wcout | color_ostream::rd_wcout | color_ostream::rd256_wcout | color_ostream::rdtrue_wcout |
std::cerr | color_ostream::rd_cerr | color_ostream::rd256_cerr | color_ostream::rdtrue_cerr |
std::wcerr | color_ostream::rd_wcerr | color_ostream::rd256_wcerr | color_ostream::rdtrue_wcerr |
std::clog | color_ostream::rd_clog | color_ostream::rd256_clog | color_ostream::rdtrue_clog |
std::wclog | color_ostream::rd_wclog | color_ostream::rd256_wclog | color_ostream::rdtrue_wclog |
这里有一个简单的例子:
//hello.cpp
#include "color_ostream.h"
using namespace color_ostream;
int main([[maybe_unused]] int argc, [[maybe_unused]] char *argv[]) {
rd_wcout.imbue(std::locale(std::locale(),"",LC_CTYPE));
rd_wcout << L"Hello world\n";
rd_wcout << L"Hola Mundo\n";
rd_wcout << L"Bonjour le monde\n";
rd256_wcout << L"\n256 color" << std::endl;
rd256_wcout << L"Hello world\n";
rd256_wcout << L"Hola Mundo\n";
rd256_wcout << L"Bonjour le monde\n";
rdtrue_wcout << L"\ntrue color" << std::endl;
rdtrue_wcout << L"Hello world\n";
rdtrue_wcout << L"Hola Mundo\n";
rdtrue_wcout << L"Bonjour le monde\n";
return 0;
}
我知道这个问题很老了,但我把这个答案贴出来给未来的读者。我用c++写了一个用于彩色输出的库。这使用操纵者,使工作容易支持跨平台,但没有在这里测试是如何使用这个,
#include "srilakshmikanthanp/ANSI.hpp"
using namespace srilakshmikanthanp;
3位和4位颜色:
// background
std::cout << ansi::BGyellow;
// foreground
std::cout << ansi::FGblue;
// output
std::cout << "Blue on yellow";
// reset
std::cout << ansi::reset;
8位颜色:
// background
std::cout << ansi::BGcolor(157);
// foreground
std::cout << ansi::FGcolor(100);
// outpt
std::cout << "8 bit color";
// reset
std::cout << ansi::reset;
24位颜色:
// background
std::cout << ansi::BGcolor(0, 255, 0);
// foreground
std::cout << ansi::FGcolor(0, 0, 255);
// output
std::cout << "24 bit color";
// reset
std::cout << ansi::reset;
字符串:
使用ansi::str可以很容易地将这个操作符转换为字符串
std::string BGyellow = ansi::str(ansi::BGyellow);
std::string FGblue = ansi::str(ansi::FGblue);
std::string reset = ansi::str(ansi::reset);
std::cout << BGyelow;
// foreground
std::cout << FGblue;
// output
std::cout << "Blue on Yellow";
// reset
std::cout << reset;
你可以在github上找到更多的信息:)
你可以使用ANSI颜色代码。
使用这些函数。
enum c_color{BLACK=30,RED=31,GREEN=32,YELLOW=33,BLUE=34,MAGENTA=35,CYAN=36,WHITE=37};
enum c_decoration{NORMAL=0,BOLD=1,FAINT=2,ITALIC=3,UNDERLINE=4,RIVERCED=26,FRAMED=51};
void pr(const string str,c_color color,c_decoration decoration=c_decoration::NORMAL){
cout<<"\033["<<decoration<<";"<<color<<"m"<<str<<"\033[0m";
}
void prl(const string str,c_color color,c_decoration decoration=c_decoration::NORMAL){
cout<<"\033["<<decoration<<";"<<color<<"m"<<str<<"\033[0m"<<endl;
}
在你输出任何你需要的颜色之前,确保你在一个终端:
[ -t 1 ] && echo 'Yes I am in a terminal' # isatty(3) call in C
然后你需要检查终端能力,如果它支持颜色
在使用terminfo(基于Linux)的系统上,您可以获得支持的颜色数量为
Number_Of_colors_Supported=$(tput colors)
在使用termcap(基于BSD)的系统上,您可以获得支持的颜色数量为
Number_Of_colors_Supported=$(tput Co)
然后做出决定:
[ ${Number_Of_colors_Supported} -ge 8 ] && {
echo 'You are fine and can print colors'
} || {
echo 'Terminal does not support color'
}
顺便说一下,不要像之前建议的那样使用ESC字符着色。 使用标准的终端调用功能,将为您指定特定终端支持的正确颜色。
BSD Basedfg_black="$(tput AF 0)"
fg_red="$(tput AF 1)"
fg_green="$(tput AF 2)"
fg_yellow="$(tput AF 3)"
fg_blue="$(tput AF 4)"
fg_magenta="$(tput AF 5)"
fg_cyan="$(tput AF 6)"
fg_white="$(tput AF 7)"
reset="$(tput me)"
Linux Based
fg_black="$(tput setaf 0)"
fg_red="$(tput setaf 1)"
fg_green="$(tput setaf 2)"
fg_yellow="$(tput setaf 3)"
fg_blue="$(tput setaf 4)"
fg_magenta="$(tput setaf 5)"
fg_cyan="$(tput setaf 6)"
fg_white="$(tput setaf 7)"
reset="$(tput sgr0)"
Use As
echo -e "${fg_red} Red ${fg_green} Bull ${reset}"
你可以直接编写ANSI转义代码来控制颜色,也可以使用诸如{fmt}这样的库来提供api。
例如:
#include <fmt/color.h>
int main() {
fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::crimson) | fmt::emphasis::bold,
"Hello, {}!\n", "world");
}
打印
大多数现代终端都支持ANSI转义序列,但您可以使用terminfo数据库进行检查。