如何将彩色字符打印到支持彩色字符的Linux终端?
如何判断终端是否支持颜色码?
如何将彩色字符打印到支持彩色字符的Linux终端?
如何判断终端是否支持颜色码?
当前回答
这是一个老主题,但我编写了一个类,其中包含嵌套子类和由简单C宏定义的颜色静态成员。
我在dreamincode.net中通过用户no2pencil从这篇文章中获得了颜色函数。
我这样做是为了能够像这样使用std::cout流中的静态常量:
cout << zkr::cc::fore::red << "This is red text. "
<< zkr::cc::console << "And changing to console default colors, fg, bg."
<< endl;
类和测试程序的源代码可以在这里下载。
cc::console将重置为控制台默认颜色和属性,cc::underline将为文本下划线,这在putty上工作,我已经测试了测试程序。
颜色:
black
blue
red
magenta
green
cyan
yellow
white
lightblack
lightblue
lightred
lightmagenta
lightgreen
lightcyan
lightyellow
lightwhite
它可以用于cc静态类的前静态和后静态子类。
编辑2017
为了更实用,我在这里添加了类代码。
颜色代码宏:
#define CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT "\033[0m"
#define CC_FORECOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_BACKCOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_ATTR(A) "\033[" #A "m"
main color函数定义屏幕的颜色或属性:
char *cc::color(int attr, int fg, int bg)
{
static char command[13];
/* Command is the control command to the terminal */
sprintf(command, "%c[%d;%d;%dm", 0x1B, attr, fg + 30, bg + 40);
return command;
}
ccolor.h
#include <stdio.h>
#define CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT "\033[0m"
#define CC_FORECOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_BACKCOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_ATTR(A) "\033[" #A "m"
namespace zkr
{
class cc
{
public:
class fore
{
public:
static const char *black;
static const char *blue;
static const char *red;
static const char *magenta;
static const char *green;
static const char *cyan;
static const char *yellow;
static const char *white;
static const char *console;
static const char *lightblack;
static const char *lightblue;
static const char *lightred;
static const char *lightmagenta;
static const char *lightgreen;
static const char *lightcyan;
static const char *lightyellow;
static const char *lightwhite;
};
class back
{
public:
static const char *black;
static const char *blue;
static const char *red;
static const char *magenta;
static const char *green;
static const char *cyan;
static const char *yellow;
static const char *white;
static const char *console;
static const char *lightblack;
static const char *lightblue;
static const char *lightred;
static const char *lightmagenta;
static const char *lightgreen;
static const char *lightcyan;
static const char *lightyellow;
static const char *lightwhite;
};
static char *color(int attr, int fg, int bg);
static const char *console;
static const char *underline;
static const char *bold;
};
}
ccolor.cpp
#include "ccolor.h"
using namespace std;
namespace zkr
{
enum Color
{
Black,
Red,
Green,
Yellow,
Blue,
Magenta,
Cyan,
White,
Default = 9
};
enum Attributes
{
Reset,
Bright,
Dim,
Underline,
Blink,
Reverse,
Hidden
};
char *cc::color(int attr, int fg, int bg)
{
static char command[13];
/* Command is the control command to the terminal */
sprintf(command, "%c[%d;%d;%dm", 0x1B, attr, fg + 30, bg + 40);
return command;
}
const char *cc::console = CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT;
const char *cc::underline = CC_ATTR(4);
const char *cc::bold = CC_ATTR(1);
const char *cc::fore::black = CC_FORECOLOR(30);
const char *cc::fore::blue = CC_FORECOLOR(34);
const char *cc::fore::red = CC_FORECOLOR(31);
const char *cc::fore::magenta = CC_FORECOLOR(35);
const char *cc::fore::green = CC_FORECOLOR(92);
const char *cc::fore::cyan = CC_FORECOLOR(36);
const char *cc::fore::yellow = CC_FORECOLOR(33);
const char *cc::fore::white = CC_FORECOLOR(37);
const char *cc::fore::console = CC_FORECOLOR(39);
const char *cc::fore::lightblack = CC_FORECOLOR(90);
const char *cc::fore::lightblue = CC_FORECOLOR(94);
const char *cc::fore::lightred = CC_FORECOLOR(91);
const char *cc::fore::lightmagenta = CC_FORECOLOR(95);
const char *cc::fore::lightgreen = CC_FORECOLOR(92);
const char *cc::fore::lightcyan = CC_FORECOLOR(96);
const char *cc::fore::lightyellow = CC_FORECOLOR(93);
const char *cc::fore::lightwhite = CC_FORECOLOR(97);
const char *cc::back::black = CC_BACKCOLOR(40);
const char *cc::back::blue = CC_BACKCOLOR(44);
const char *cc::back::red = CC_BACKCOLOR(41);
const char *cc::back::magenta = CC_BACKCOLOR(45);
const char *cc::back::green = CC_BACKCOLOR(42);
const char *cc::back::cyan = CC_BACKCOLOR(46);
const char *cc::back::yellow = CC_BACKCOLOR(43);
const char *cc::back::white = CC_BACKCOLOR(47);
const char *cc::back::console = CC_BACKCOLOR(49);
const char *cc::back::lightblack = CC_BACKCOLOR(100);
const char *cc::back::lightblue = CC_BACKCOLOR(104);
const char *cc::back::lightred = CC_BACKCOLOR(101);
const char *cc::back::lightmagenta = CC_BACKCOLOR(105);
const char *cc::back::lightgreen = CC_BACKCOLOR(102);
const char *cc::back::lightcyan = CC_BACKCOLOR(106);
const char *cc::back::lightyellow = CC_BACKCOLOR(103);
const char *cc::back::lightwhite = CC_BACKCOLOR(107);
}
其他回答
从我的理解,一个典型的ANSI颜色代码
"\033[{FORMAT_ATTRIBUTE};{FORGROUND_COLOR};{BACKGROUND_COLOR}m{TEXT}\033[{RESET_FORMATE_ATTRIBUTE}m"
由(名称和编解码器)组成
FORMAT ATTRIBUTE { "Default", "0" }, { "Bold", "1" }, { "Dim", "2" }, { "Italics", "3"}, { "Underlined", "4" }, { "Blink", "5" }, { "Reverse", "7" }, { "Hidden", "8" } FORGROUND COLOR { "Default", "39" }, { "Black", "30" }, { "Red", "31" }, { "Green", "32" }, { "Yellow", "33" }, { "Blue", "34" }, { "Magenta", "35" }, { "Cyan", "36" }, { "Light Gray", "37" }, { "Dark Gray", "90" }, { "Light Red", "91" }, { "Light Green", "92" }, { "Light Yellow", "93" }, { "Light Blue", "94" }, { "Light Magenta", "95" }, { "Light Cyan", "96" }, { "White", "97" } BACKGROUND COLOR { "Default", "49" }, { "Black", "40" }, { "Red", "41" }, { "Green", "42" }, { "Yellow", "43" }, { "Blue", "44" }, { "Megenta", "45" }, { "Cyan", "46" }, { "Light Gray", "47" }, { "Dark Gray", "100" }, { "Light Red", "101" }, { "Light Green", "102" }, { "Light Yellow", "103" }, { "Light Blue", "104" }, { "Light Magenta", "105" }, { "Light Cyan", "106" }, { "White", "107" } TEXT RESET FORMAT ATTRIBUTE { "All", "0" }, { "Bold", "21" }, { "Dim", "22" }, { "Underlined", "24" }, { "Blink", "25" }, { "Reverse", "27" }, { "Hidden", "28" }
有了这些信息,就很容易给字符串“I am a banana!”上色,前景色为“黄色”,背景色为“绿色”,就像这样
"\033[0;33;42mI am a Banana!\033[0m"
或者用c++库着色
auto const& colorized_text = color::rize( "I am a banana!", "Yellow", "Green" );
std::cout << colorized_text << std::endl;
更多关于FORMAT ATTRIBUTE的例子
试试我的标题这里一个快速和简单的方法来着色文本:Aedi的颜色标题
Escape-Sequence-Color-Header
在Unix中使用c++为输出着色!!
文本属性选项:
ATTRIBUTES_OFF, BOLD, UNDERSCORE, BLINK, REVERSE_VIDEO, CONCEALED
颜色选择:
BLACK, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, MAGENTA, CYAN, WHITE
格式:
通用格式,在$变量$中包含你想要的值
COLOR_$Foreground_Color$_$Background_Color$
COLOR_$Text_Attribute$_$Foreground_Color$_$Background_Color$
COLOR_NORMAL // To set color to default
e.g.
COLOR_BLUE_BLACK // Leave Text Attribute Blank if no Text Attribute appied
COLOR_UNDERSCORE_YELLOW_RED
COLOR_NORMAL
用法:
只是使用流的颜色,你想在输出文本和 在输出文本后再次使用以将颜色设置为正常。
cout << COLOR_BLUE_BLACK << "TEXT" << COLOR_NORMAL << endl;
cout << COLOR_BOLD_YELLOW_CYAN << "TEXT" << COLOR_NORMAL << endl;
最好的方法是使用ncurses库——尽管如果你只是想输出一个简单的彩色字符串,这可能是一个大锤来敲坚果
在你输出任何你需要的颜色之前,确保你在一个终端:
[ -t 1 ] && echo 'Yes I am in a terminal' # isatty(3) call in C
然后你需要检查终端能力,如果它支持颜色
在使用terminfo(基于Linux)的系统上,您可以获得支持的颜色数量为
Number_Of_colors_Supported=$(tput colors)
在使用termcap(基于BSD)的系统上,您可以获得支持的颜色数量为
Number_Of_colors_Supported=$(tput Co)
然后做出决定:
[ ${Number_Of_colors_Supported} -ge 8 ] && {
echo 'You are fine and can print colors'
} || {
echo 'Terminal does not support color'
}
顺便说一下,不要像之前建议的那样使用ESC字符着色。 使用标准的终端调用功能,将为您指定特定终端支持的正确颜色。
BSD Basedfg_black="$(tput AF 0)"
fg_red="$(tput AF 1)"
fg_green="$(tput AF 2)"
fg_yellow="$(tput AF 3)"
fg_blue="$(tput AF 4)"
fg_magenta="$(tput AF 5)"
fg_cyan="$(tput AF 6)"
fg_white="$(tput AF 7)"
reset="$(tput me)"
Linux Based
fg_black="$(tput setaf 0)"
fg_red="$(tput setaf 1)"
fg_green="$(tput setaf 2)"
fg_yellow="$(tput setaf 3)"
fg_blue="$(tput setaf 4)"
fg_magenta="$(tput setaf 5)"
fg_cyan="$(tput setaf 6)"
fg_white="$(tput setaf 7)"
reset="$(tput sgr0)"
Use As
echo -e "${fg_red} Red ${fg_green} Bull ${reset}"
你可以直接编写ANSI转义代码来控制颜色,也可以使用诸如{fmt}这样的库来提供api。
例如:
#include <fmt/color.h>
int main() {
fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::crimson) | fmt::emphasis::bold,
"Hello, {}!\n", "world");
}
打印
大多数现代终端都支持ANSI转义序列,但您可以使用terminfo数据库进行检查。