如何将彩色字符打印到支持彩色字符的Linux终端?
如何判断终端是否支持颜色码?
如何将彩色字符打印到支持彩色字符的Linux终端?
如何判断终端是否支持颜色码?
当前回答
基础知识
我写了一个c++类,可以用来设置输出的前景色和背景色。这个示例程序用作打印This ->单词<-是红色的示例。格式化它,使单词的前景色为红色。
#include "colormod.h" // namespace Color
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
Color::Modifier red(Color::FG_RED);
Color::Modifier def(Color::FG_DEFAULT);
cout << "This ->" << red << "word" << def << "<- is red." << endl;
}
源
#include <ostream>
namespace Color {
enum Code {
FG_RED = 31,
FG_GREEN = 32,
FG_BLUE = 34,
FG_DEFAULT = 39,
BG_RED = 41,
BG_GREEN = 42,
BG_BLUE = 44,
BG_DEFAULT = 49
};
class Modifier {
Code code;
public:
Modifier(Code pCode) : code(pCode) {}
friend std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Modifier& mod) {
return os << "\033[" << mod.code << "m";
}
};
}
先进的
您可能希望向该类添加其他特性。它是,例如,可以添加颜色洋红色,甚至样式像粗体。要做到这一点,只需在Code枚举中添加另一个条目。这是一个很好的参考。
其他回答
您需要输出ANSI颜色代码。注意,并非所有终端都支持此功能;如果不支持颜色序列,就会显示垃圾。
例子:
cout << "\033[1;31mbold red text\033[0m\n";
这里,\033是ESC字符,ASCII 27。它后面跟着[,然后是0个或多个用;隔开的数字,最后是字母m。这些数字描述了从这一点开始切换的颜色和格式。
前景色和背景色的代码如下:
foreground background
black 30 40
red 31 41
green 32 42
yellow 33 43
blue 34 44
magenta 35 45
cyan 36 46
white 37 47
此外,你可以使用这些:
reset 0 (everything back to normal)
bold/bright 1 (often a brighter shade of the same colour)
underline 4
inverse 7 (swap foreground and background colours)
bold/bright off 21
underline off 24
inverse off 27
有关其他不太受广泛支持的代码,请参见维基百科上的表格。
要确定您的终端是否支持颜色序列,请读取TERM环境变量的值。它应该指定所使用的特定终端类型(例如vt100、gnome-terminal、xterm、screen……)。然后在terminfo数据库中查找;检查颜色能力。
试试我的标题这里一个快速和简单的方法来着色文本:Aedi的颜色标题
Escape-Sequence-Color-Header
在Unix中使用c++为输出着色!!
文本属性选项:
ATTRIBUTES_OFF, BOLD, UNDERSCORE, BLINK, REVERSE_VIDEO, CONCEALED
颜色选择:
BLACK, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, MAGENTA, CYAN, WHITE
格式:
通用格式,在$变量$中包含你想要的值
COLOR_$Foreground_Color$_$Background_Color$
COLOR_$Text_Attribute$_$Foreground_Color$_$Background_Color$
COLOR_NORMAL // To set color to default
e.g.
COLOR_BLUE_BLACK // Leave Text Attribute Blank if no Text Attribute appied
COLOR_UNDERSCORE_YELLOW_RED
COLOR_NORMAL
用法:
只是使用流的颜色,你想在输出文本和 在输出文本后再次使用以将颜色设置为正常。
cout << COLOR_BLUE_BLACK << "TEXT" << COLOR_NORMAL << endl;
cout << COLOR_BOLD_YELLOW_CYAN << "TEXT" << COLOR_NORMAL << endl;
这是一个老主题,但我编写了一个类,其中包含嵌套子类和由简单C宏定义的颜色静态成员。
我在dreamincode.net中通过用户no2pencil从这篇文章中获得了颜色函数。
我这样做是为了能够像这样使用std::cout流中的静态常量:
cout << zkr::cc::fore::red << "This is red text. "
<< zkr::cc::console << "And changing to console default colors, fg, bg."
<< endl;
类和测试程序的源代码可以在这里下载。
cc::console将重置为控制台默认颜色和属性,cc::underline将为文本下划线,这在putty上工作,我已经测试了测试程序。
颜色:
black
blue
red
magenta
green
cyan
yellow
white
lightblack
lightblue
lightred
lightmagenta
lightgreen
lightcyan
lightyellow
lightwhite
它可以用于cc静态类的前静态和后静态子类。
编辑2017
为了更实用,我在这里添加了类代码。
颜色代码宏:
#define CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT "\033[0m"
#define CC_FORECOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_BACKCOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_ATTR(A) "\033[" #A "m"
main color函数定义屏幕的颜色或属性:
char *cc::color(int attr, int fg, int bg)
{
static char command[13];
/* Command is the control command to the terminal */
sprintf(command, "%c[%d;%d;%dm", 0x1B, attr, fg + 30, bg + 40);
return command;
}
ccolor.h
#include <stdio.h>
#define CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT "\033[0m"
#define CC_FORECOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_BACKCOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_ATTR(A) "\033[" #A "m"
namespace zkr
{
class cc
{
public:
class fore
{
public:
static const char *black;
static const char *blue;
static const char *red;
static const char *magenta;
static const char *green;
static const char *cyan;
static const char *yellow;
static const char *white;
static const char *console;
static const char *lightblack;
static const char *lightblue;
static const char *lightred;
static const char *lightmagenta;
static const char *lightgreen;
static const char *lightcyan;
static const char *lightyellow;
static const char *lightwhite;
};
class back
{
public:
static const char *black;
static const char *blue;
static const char *red;
static const char *magenta;
static const char *green;
static const char *cyan;
static const char *yellow;
static const char *white;
static const char *console;
static const char *lightblack;
static const char *lightblue;
static const char *lightred;
static const char *lightmagenta;
static const char *lightgreen;
static const char *lightcyan;
static const char *lightyellow;
static const char *lightwhite;
};
static char *color(int attr, int fg, int bg);
static const char *console;
static const char *underline;
static const char *bold;
};
}
ccolor.cpp
#include "ccolor.h"
using namespace std;
namespace zkr
{
enum Color
{
Black,
Red,
Green,
Yellow,
Blue,
Magenta,
Cyan,
White,
Default = 9
};
enum Attributes
{
Reset,
Bright,
Dim,
Underline,
Blink,
Reverse,
Hidden
};
char *cc::color(int attr, int fg, int bg)
{
static char command[13];
/* Command is the control command to the terminal */
sprintf(command, "%c[%d;%d;%dm", 0x1B, attr, fg + 30, bg + 40);
return command;
}
const char *cc::console = CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT;
const char *cc::underline = CC_ATTR(4);
const char *cc::bold = CC_ATTR(1);
const char *cc::fore::black = CC_FORECOLOR(30);
const char *cc::fore::blue = CC_FORECOLOR(34);
const char *cc::fore::red = CC_FORECOLOR(31);
const char *cc::fore::magenta = CC_FORECOLOR(35);
const char *cc::fore::green = CC_FORECOLOR(92);
const char *cc::fore::cyan = CC_FORECOLOR(36);
const char *cc::fore::yellow = CC_FORECOLOR(33);
const char *cc::fore::white = CC_FORECOLOR(37);
const char *cc::fore::console = CC_FORECOLOR(39);
const char *cc::fore::lightblack = CC_FORECOLOR(90);
const char *cc::fore::lightblue = CC_FORECOLOR(94);
const char *cc::fore::lightred = CC_FORECOLOR(91);
const char *cc::fore::lightmagenta = CC_FORECOLOR(95);
const char *cc::fore::lightgreen = CC_FORECOLOR(92);
const char *cc::fore::lightcyan = CC_FORECOLOR(96);
const char *cc::fore::lightyellow = CC_FORECOLOR(93);
const char *cc::fore::lightwhite = CC_FORECOLOR(97);
const char *cc::back::black = CC_BACKCOLOR(40);
const char *cc::back::blue = CC_BACKCOLOR(44);
const char *cc::back::red = CC_BACKCOLOR(41);
const char *cc::back::magenta = CC_BACKCOLOR(45);
const char *cc::back::green = CC_BACKCOLOR(42);
const char *cc::back::cyan = CC_BACKCOLOR(46);
const char *cc::back::yellow = CC_BACKCOLOR(43);
const char *cc::back::white = CC_BACKCOLOR(47);
const char *cc::back::console = CC_BACKCOLOR(49);
const char *cc::back::lightblack = CC_BACKCOLOR(100);
const char *cc::back::lightblue = CC_BACKCOLOR(104);
const char *cc::back::lightred = CC_BACKCOLOR(101);
const char *cc::back::lightmagenta = CC_BACKCOLOR(105);
const char *cc::back::lightgreen = CC_BACKCOLOR(102);
const char *cc::back::lightcyan = CC_BACKCOLOR(106);
const char *cc::back::lightyellow = CC_BACKCOLOR(103);
const char *cc::back::lightwhite = CC_BACKCOLOR(107);
}
你可以使用ANSI颜色代码。
使用这些函数。
enum c_color{BLACK=30,RED=31,GREEN=32,YELLOW=33,BLUE=34,MAGENTA=35,CYAN=36,WHITE=37};
enum c_decoration{NORMAL=0,BOLD=1,FAINT=2,ITALIC=3,UNDERLINE=4,RIVERCED=26,FRAMED=51};
void pr(const string str,c_color color,c_decoration decoration=c_decoration::NORMAL){
cout<<"\033["<<decoration<<";"<<color<<"m"<<str<<"\033[0m";
}
void prl(const string str,c_color color,c_decoration decoration=c_decoration::NORMAL){
cout<<"\033["<<decoration<<";"<<color<<"m"<<str<<"\033[0m"<<endl;
}
你可以使用转义序列,如果你的终端支持的话。例如:
echo \[\033[32m\]Hello, \[\033[36m\]colourful \[\033[33mworld!\033[0m\]