最好的方法是使用ncurses库——尽管如果你只是想输出一个简单的彩色字符串，这可能是一个大锤来敲坚果

这是一个老主题，但我编写了一个类，其中包含嵌套子类和由简单C宏定义的颜色静态成员。

我在dreamincode.net中通过用户no2pencil从这篇文章中获得了颜色函数。

我这样做是为了能够像这样使用std::cout流中的静态常量:

cout << zkr::cc::fore::red << "This is red text. " 
     << zkr::cc::console << "And changing to console default colors, fg, bg."
     << endl;

类和测试程序的源代码可以在这里下载。

cc::console将重置为控制台默认颜色和属性，cc::underline将为文本下划线，这在putty上工作，我已经测试了测试程序。

颜色:

black
blue
red
magenta
green
cyan
yellow
white

lightblack
lightblue
lightred
lightmagenta
lightgreen
lightcyan
lightyellow
lightwhite

它可以用于cc静态类的前静态和后静态子类。

编辑2017

为了更实用，我在这里添加了类代码。

颜色代码宏:

#define CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT "\033[0m"
#define CC_FORECOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_BACKCOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_ATTR(A) "\033[" #A "m"

main color函数定义屏幕的颜色或属性:

char *cc::color(int attr, int fg, int bg)
{
    static char command[13];

    /* Command is the control command to the terminal */
    sprintf(command, "%c[%d;%d;%dm", 0x1B, attr, fg + 30, bg + 40);
    return command;
}

ccolor.h

#include <stdio.h>

#define CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT "\033[0m"
#define CC_FORECOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_BACKCOLOR(C) "\033[" #C "m"
#define CC_ATTR(A) "\033[" #A "m"

namespace zkr
{
    class cc
    {
    public:

        class fore
        {
        public:
            static const char *black;
            static const char *blue;
            static const char *red;
            static const char *magenta;
            static const char *green;
            static const char *cyan;
            static const char *yellow;
            static const char *white;
            static const char *console;

            static const char *lightblack;
            static const char *lightblue;
            static const char *lightred;
            static const char *lightmagenta;
            static const char *lightgreen;
            static const char *lightcyan;
            static const char *lightyellow;
            static const char *lightwhite;
        };

        class back
        {
        public:
            static const char *black;
            static const char *blue;
            static const char *red;
            static const char *magenta;
            static const char *green;
            static const char *cyan;
            static const char *yellow;
            static const char *white;
            static const char *console;

            static const char *lightblack;
            static const char *lightblue;
            static const char *lightred;
            static const char *lightmagenta;
            static const char *lightgreen;
            static const char *lightcyan;
            static const char *lightyellow;
            static const char *lightwhite;
        };

        static char *color(int attr, int fg, int bg);
        static const char *console;
        static const char *underline;
        static const char *bold;
    };
}

ccolor.cpp

#include "ccolor.h"

using namespace std;

namespace zkr
{
    enum Color
    {
        Black,
        Red,
        Green,
        Yellow,
        Blue,
        Magenta,
        Cyan,
        White,
        Default = 9
    };

    enum Attributes
    {
        Reset,
        Bright,
        Dim,
        Underline,
        Blink,
        Reverse,
        Hidden
    };

    char *cc::color(int attr, int fg, int bg)
    {
        static char command[13];
        /* Command is the control command to the terminal */
        sprintf(command, "%c[%d;%d;%dm", 0x1B, attr, fg + 30, bg + 40);
        return command;
    }

    const char *cc::console = CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT;
    const char *cc::underline = CC_ATTR(4);
    const char *cc::bold = CC_ATTR(1);

    const char *cc::fore::black = CC_FORECOLOR(30);
    const char *cc::fore::blue = CC_FORECOLOR(34);
    const char *cc::fore::red = CC_FORECOLOR(31);
    const char *cc::fore::magenta = CC_FORECOLOR(35);
    const char *cc::fore::green = CC_FORECOLOR(92);
    const char *cc::fore::cyan = CC_FORECOLOR(36);
    const char *cc::fore::yellow = CC_FORECOLOR(33);
    const char *cc::fore::white = CC_FORECOLOR(37);
    const char *cc::fore::console = CC_FORECOLOR(39);

    const char *cc::fore::lightblack = CC_FORECOLOR(90);
    const char *cc::fore::lightblue = CC_FORECOLOR(94);
    const char *cc::fore::lightred = CC_FORECOLOR(91);
    const char *cc::fore::lightmagenta = CC_FORECOLOR(95);
    const char *cc::fore::lightgreen = CC_FORECOLOR(92);
    const char *cc::fore::lightcyan = CC_FORECOLOR(96);
    const char *cc::fore::lightyellow = CC_FORECOLOR(93);
    const char *cc::fore::lightwhite = CC_FORECOLOR(97);

    const char *cc::back::black = CC_BACKCOLOR(40);
    const char *cc::back::blue = CC_BACKCOLOR(44);
    const char *cc::back::red = CC_BACKCOLOR(41);
    const char *cc::back::magenta = CC_BACKCOLOR(45);
    const char *cc::back::green = CC_BACKCOLOR(42);
    const char *cc::back::cyan = CC_BACKCOLOR(46);
    const char *cc::back::yellow = CC_BACKCOLOR(43);
    const char *cc::back::white = CC_BACKCOLOR(47);
    const char *cc::back::console = CC_BACKCOLOR(49);

    const char *cc::back::lightblack = CC_BACKCOLOR(100);
    const char *cc::back::lightblue = CC_BACKCOLOR(104);
    const char *cc::back::lightred = CC_BACKCOLOR(101);
    const char *cc::back::lightmagenta = CC_BACKCOLOR(105);
    const char *cc::back::lightgreen = CC_BACKCOLOR(102);
    const char *cc::back::lightcyan = CC_BACKCOLOR(106);
    const char *cc::back::lightyellow = CC_BACKCOLOR(103);
    const char *cc::back::lightwhite = CC_BACKCOLOR(107);
}

您需要输出ANSI颜色代码。注意，并非所有终端都支持此功能;如果不支持颜色序列，就会显示垃圾。

例子:

 cout << "\033[1;31mbold red text\033[0m\n";

这里，\033是ESC字符，ASCII 27。它后面跟着[，然后是0个或多个用;隔开的数字，最后是字母m。这些数字描述了从这一点开始切换的颜色和格式。

前景色和背景色的代码如下:

         foreground background
black        30         40
red          31         41
green        32         42
yellow       33         43
blue         34         44
magenta      35         45
cyan         36         46
white        37         47

此外，你可以使用这些:

reset             0  (everything back to normal)
bold/bright       1  (often a brighter shade of the same colour)
underline         4
inverse           7  (swap foreground and background colours)
bold/bright off  21
underline off    24
inverse off      27

有关其他不太受广泛支持的代码，请参见维基百科上的表格。

要确定您的终端是否支持颜色序列，请读取TERM环境变量的值。它应该指定所使用的特定终端类型(例如vt100、gnome-terminal、xterm、screen……)。然后在terminfo数据库中查找;检查颜色能力。

我知道这个问题很老了，但我把这个答案贴出来给未来的读者。我用c++写了一个用于彩色输出的库。这使用操纵者，使工作容易支持跨平台，但没有在这里测试是如何使用这个，

#include "srilakshmikanthanp/ANSI.hpp"

using namespace srilakshmikanthanp;

3位和4位颜色:

// background
std::cout << ansi::BGyellow;
// foreground
std::cout << ansi::FGblue;
// output
std::cout << "Blue on yellow";
// reset
std::cout << ansi::reset;

8位颜色:

// background
std::cout << ansi::BGcolor(157);
// foreground
std::cout << ansi::FGcolor(100);
// outpt
std::cout << "8 bit color";
// reset
std::cout << ansi::reset;

24位颜色:

// background
std::cout << ansi::BGcolor(0, 255, 0);
// foreground
std::cout << ansi::FGcolor(0, 0, 255);
// output
std::cout << "24 bit color";
// reset
std::cout << ansi::reset;

字符串:

使用ansi::str可以很容易地将这个操作符转换为字符串

std::string BGyellow = ansi::str(ansi::BGyellow);
std::string FGblue = ansi::str(ansi::FGblue);
std::string reset = ansi::str(ansi::reset);

std::cout << BGyelow;
// foreground
std::cout << FGblue;
// output
std::cout << "Blue on Yellow";
// reset
std::cout << reset;

你可以在github上找到更多的信息:)

你可以直接编写ANSI转义代码来控制颜色，也可以使用诸如{fmt}这样的库来提供api。

例如:

#include <fmt/color.h>

int main() { 
  fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::crimson) | fmt::emphasis::bold,
             "Hello, {}!\n", "world");
}

打印

大多数现代终端都支持ANSI转义序列，但您可以使用terminfo数据库进行检查。

从我的理解，一个典型的ANSI颜色代码

"\033[{FORMAT_ATTRIBUTE};{FORGROUND_COLOR};{BACKGROUND_COLOR}m{TEXT}\033[{RESET_FORMATE_ATTRIBUTE}m"

由(名称和编解码器)组成

FORMAT ATTRIBUTE { "Default", "0" }, { "Bold", "1" }, { "Dim", "2" }, { "Italics", "3"}, { "Underlined", "4" }, { "Blink", "5" }, { "Reverse", "7" }, { "Hidden", "8" } FORGROUND COLOR { "Default", "39" }, { "Black", "30" }, { "Red", "31" }, { "Green", "32" }, { "Yellow", "33" }, { "Blue", "34" }, { "Magenta", "35" }, { "Cyan", "36" }, { "Light Gray", "37" }, { "Dark Gray", "90" }, { "Light Red", "91" }, { "Light Green", "92" }, { "Light Yellow", "93" }, { "Light Blue", "94" }, { "Light Magenta", "95" }, { "Light Cyan", "96" }, { "White", "97" } BACKGROUND COLOR { "Default", "49" }, { "Black", "40" }, { "Red", "41" }, { "Green", "42" }, { "Yellow", "43" }, { "Blue", "44" }, { "Megenta", "45" }, { "Cyan", "46" }, { "Light Gray", "47" }, { "Dark Gray", "100" }, { "Light Red", "101" }, { "Light Green", "102" }, { "Light Yellow", "103" }, { "Light Blue", "104" }, { "Light Magenta", "105" }, { "Light Cyan", "106" }, { "White", "107" } TEXT RESET FORMAT ATTRIBUTE { "All", "0" }, { "Bold", "21" }, { "Dim", "22" }, { "Underlined", "24" }, { "Blink", "25" }, { "Reverse", "27" }, { "Hidden", "28" }

有了这些信息，就很容易给字符串“I am a banana!”上色，前景色为“黄色”，背景色为“绿色”，就像这样

"\033[0;33;42mI am a Banana!\033[0m"

或者用c++库着色

auto const& colorized_text = color::rize( "I am a banana!", "Yellow", "Green" );
std::cout << colorized_text << std::endl;

更多关于FORMAT ATTRIBUTE的例子