(不要在大桌子上尝试，结果可能是……令人惊讶的!)

临时表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp_tb;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE ENGINE=MEMORY temp_tb SELECT * FROM orig_tb;
ALTER TABLE temp_tb DROP col_a, DROP col_f,DROP col_z;    #// MySQL
SELECT * FROM temp_tb;

DROP语法可能因数据库而异

也许我有一个解决Jan Koritak指出的矛盾的方法

SELECT CONCAT('SELECT ',
( SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(t.col)
FROM
(
    SELECT CASE
    WHEN COLUMN_NAME = 'eid' THEN NULL
    ELSE COLUMN_NAME
    END AS col 
    FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'employee' AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'test'
) t
WHERE t.col IS NOT NULL) ,
' FROM employee' );

表:

SELECT table_name,column_name 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'employee' AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'test'

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

table_name  column_name
employee    eid
employee    name_eid
employee    sal

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

查询结果:

'SELECT name_eid,sal FROM employee'

Mahomedalid发布的答案有一个小问题:

在替换函数代码中替换“<columns_to_delete>，”用“”，如果要替换的字段是concat字符串中的最后一个字段，那么这个替换会有一个问题，因为最后一个字段没有字符逗号“，”并且没有从字符串中删除。

我的建议:

SET @sql = CONCAT('SELECT ', (SELECT REPLACE(GROUP_CONCAT(COLUMN_NAME),
                  '<columns_to_delete>', '\'FIELD_REMOVED\'')
           FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
           WHERE TABLE_NAME = '<table>'
             AND TABLE_SCHEMA = '<database>'), ' FROM <table>');

替换<表>，<数据库>和'

在我的情况下，被删除的列被字符串“FIELD_REMOVED”所取代，这是因为我试图安全内存。(我正在删除的字段是一个大约1MB的BLOB)

我同意列出所有列的“简单”解决方案，但这可能会造成负担，而且打字错误可能会浪费大量时间。我使用“getTableColumns”函数检索适合粘贴到查询中的列的名称。然后我要做的就是删除我不想要的。

CREATE FUNCTION `getTableColumns`(tablename varchar(100)) 
          RETURNS varchar(5000) CHARSET latin1
BEGIN
  DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
  DECLARE res  VARCHAR(5000) DEFAULT "";

  DECLARE col  VARCHAR(200);
  DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR 
    select COLUMN_NAME from information_schema.columns 
    where TABLE_NAME=@table AND TABLE_SCHEMA="yourdatabase" ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION;
  DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;
  OPEN cur1;
  REPEAT
       FETCH cur1 INTO col;
       IF NOT done THEN 
          set res = CONCAT(res,IF(LENGTH(res)>0,",",""),col);
       END IF;
    UNTIL done END REPEAT;
  CLOSE cur1;
  RETURN res;

您的结果返回一个以逗号分隔的字符串，例如…

col1, col2 col3 col4, ... col53

这个问题是关于MySQL的，但我仍然认为值得一提的是，至少谷歌BigQuery和H2原生支持* EXCEPT语法。

SELECT * FROM actor

生产:

|actor_id|first_name|last_name   |last_update            |
|--------|----------|------------|-----------------------|
|1       |PENELOPE  |GUINESS     |2006-02-15 04:34:33.000|
|2       |NICK      |WAHLBERG    |2006-02-15 04:34:33.000|
|3       |ED        |CHASE       |2006-02-15 04:34:33.000|

而

SELECT * EXCEPT (last_update) FROM actor

生产:

|actor_id|first_name|last_name   |
|--------|----------|------------|
|1       |PENELOPE  |GUINESS     |
|2       |NICK      |WAHLBERG    |
|3       |ED        |CHASE       |

也许，MySQL的未来版本也会支持这种语法?

如果你使用MySQL工作台，你可以右键单击你的表，点击发送到sql编辑器，然后选择所有语句，这将创建一个所有字段都被列出的语句，如下所示:

SELECT `purchase_history`.`id`,
    `purchase_history`.`user_id`,
    `purchase_history`.`deleted_at`
FROM `fs_normal_run_2`.`purchase_history`;
SELECT * FROM fs_normal_run_2.purchase_history;

现在你可以删除那些你不想要的。