周围有两种反射。

Inspection by iterating over members of a type, enumerating its methods and so on. This is not possible with C++. Inspection by checking whether a class-type (class, struct, union) has a method or nested type, is derived from another particular type. This kind of thing is possible with C++ using template-tricks. Use boost::type_traits for many things (like checking whether a type is integral). For checking for the existence of a member function, use Templated check for the existence of a class member function? . For checking whether a certain nested type exists, use plain SFINAE .

如果你想要实现1)，比如查看一个类有多少个方法，或者获取一个类id的字符串表示形式，那么恐怕标准c++没有办法做到这一点。你必须使用其中任何一个

一个元编译器，如Qt元对象编译器，它翻译你的代码，添加额外的元信息。 由宏组成的框架，允许您添加所需的元信息。你需要告诉框架所有的方法、类名、基类和它需要的一切。

c++的设计考虑到了速度。如果您想要高级别的检查，就像c#或Java所做的那样，不做一些额外的工作就无法做到这一点。

看起来c++仍然没有这个特性。 c++ 11也有延迟反射(

搜索一些宏或者自己制作。Qt还可以帮助进行反射(如果可以使用的话)。

反射本质上是关于编译器决定在运行时代码可以查询的代码中留下哪些足迹。c++以不为不用的东西付费而闻名;因为大多数人不使用/不想要反射，c++编译器通过不记录任何东西来避免成本。

因此，c++不提供反射，并且像其他答案所指出的那样，作为一般规则，自己“模拟”它并不容易。

在“其他技术”下，如果没有带有反射的语言，可以使用一个可以在编译时提取所需信息的工具。

我们的DMS软件再造工具包是通过显式语言定义参数化的通用编译器技术。它有语言定义C, c++， Java, COBOL, PHP，…

对于C、c++、Java和COBOL版本，它提供了对解析树和符号表信息的完整访问。符号表信息包括您可能希望从“反射”中获得的数据类型。如果您的目标是枚举一组字段或方法，并对它们做一些事情，DMS可以用于根据符号表中的内容以任意方式转换代码。

您需要查看您正在尝试做什么，以及RTTI是否满足您的需求。我已经实现了自己的伪反射，用于某些非常特定的目的。例如，我曾经希望能够灵活地配置模拟输出内容。它需要在输出的类中添加一些样板代码:

namespace {
  static bool b2 = Filter::Filterable<const MyObj>::Register("MyObject");
} 

bool MyObj::BuildMap()
{
  Filterable<const OutputDisease>::AddAccess("time", &MyObj::time);
  Filterable<const OutputDisease>::AddAccess("person", &MyObj::id);
  return true;
}

第一个调用将该对象添加到筛选系统，该系统调用BuildMap()方法以确定哪些方法可用。

然后，在配置文件中，你可以这样做:

FILTER-OUTPUT-OBJECT   MyObject
FILTER-OUTPUT-FILENAME file.txt
FILTER-CLAUSE-1        person == 1773
FILTER-CLAUSE-2        time > 2000

通过一些涉及boost的模板魔法，可以在运行时(读取配置文件时)将其转换为一系列方法调用，因此相当高效。我不建议你这样做，除非你真的需要，但是，当你这样做的时候，你可以做一些非常酷的事情。

I did something like what you're after once, and while it's possible to get some level of reflection and access to higher-level features, the maintenance headache might not be worth it. My system was used to keep the UI classes completely separated from the business logic through delegation akin to Objective-C's concept of message passing and forwarding. The way to do it is to create some base class that is capable of mapping symbols (I used a string pool but you could do it with enums if you prefer speed and compile-time error handling over total flexibility) to function pointers (actually not pure function pointers, but something similar to what Boost has with Boost.Function--which I didn't have access to at the time). You can do the same thing for your member variables as long as you have some common base class capable of representing any value. The entire system was an unabashed ripoff of Key-Value Coding and Delegation, with a few side effects that were perhaps worth the sheer amount of time necessary to get every class that used the system to match all of its methods and members up with legal calls: 1) Any class could call any method on any other class without having to include headers or write fake base classes so the interface could be predefined for the compiler; and 2) The getters and setters of the member variables were easy to make thread-safe because changing or accessing their values was always done through 2 methods in the base class of all objects.

It also led to the possibility of doing some really weird things that otherwise aren't easy in C++. For example I could create an Array object that contained arbitrary items of any type, including itself, and create new arrays dynamically by passing a message to all array items and collecting the return values (similar to map in Lisp). Another was the implementation of key-value observing, whereby I was able to set up the UI to respond immediately to changes in the members of backend classes instead of constantly polling the data or unnecessarily redrawing the display.

也许您更感兴趣的是，您还可以转储为类定义的所有方法和成员，而且是字符串形式。

该系统的缺点可能会让您望而却步:添加所有消息和键值非常繁琐;它比没有反射要慢;你会讨厌看到boost::static_pointer_cast和boost::dynamic_pointer_cast遍布你的代码库;强类型系统的局限性仍然存在，您实际上只是将它们隐藏了一些，所以它不那么明显。字符串中的错别字也不是一个有趣或容易发现的惊喜。

As to how to implement something like this: just use shared and weak pointers to some common base (mine was very imaginatively called "Object") and derive for all the types you want to use. I'd recommend installing Boost.Function instead of doing it the way I did, which was with some custom crap and a ton of ugly macros to wrap the function pointer calls. Since everything is mapped, inspecting objects is just a matter of iterating through all of the keys. Since my classes were essentially as close to a direct ripoff of Cocoa as possible using only C++, if you want something like that then I'd suggest using the Cocoa documentation as a blueprint.

在c++中反射是非常有用的，如果你需要为每个成员运行一些方法(例如:序列化，哈希，比较)。我给出了通用的解决方案，语法非常简单:

struct S1
{
    ENUMERATE_MEMBERS(str,i);
    std::string str;
    int i;
};
struct S2
{
    ENUMERATE_MEMBERS(s1,i2);
    S1 s1;
    int i2;
};

其中ENUMERATE_MEMBERS是一个宏，稍后将描述(UPDATE):

假设我们已经为int和std::string定义了序列化函数，如下所示:

void EnumerateWith(BinaryWriter & writer, int val)
{
    //store integer
    writer.WriteBuffer(&val, sizeof(int));
}
void EnumerateWith(BinaryWriter & writer, std::string val)
{
    //store string
    writer.WriteBuffer(val.c_str(), val.size());
}

我们在“secret宏”附近有一个泛型函数;)

template<typename TWriter, typename T>
auto EnumerateWith(TWriter && writer, T && val) -> is_enumerable_t<T>
{
    val.EnumerateWith(write); //method generated by ENUMERATE_MEMBERS macro
}

现在你可以写

S1 s1;
S2 s2;
//....
BinaryWriter writer("serialized.bin");

EnumerateWith(writer, s1); //this will call EnumerateWith for all members of S1
EnumerateWith(writer, s2); //this will call EnumerateWith for all members of S2 and S2::s1 (recursively)

因此在结构定义中有ENUMERATE_MEMBERS宏，你可以构建序列化、比较、散列和其他东西，而不需要触及原始类型，唯一的要求是为每个枚举器(如BinaryWriter)实现每个类型的“EnumerateWith”方法，这是不可枚举的。通常你必须实现10-20个“简单”类型来支持项目中的任何类型。

这个宏在运行时创建/销毁结构的开销应该为零，并且T.EnumerateWith()的代码应该按需生成，这可以通过使其成为模板内联函数来实现，因此所有故事中唯一的开销是向每个结构添加ENUMERATE_MEMBERS(m1,m2,m3…)，而在任何解决方案中，每个成员类型实现特定的方法都是必须的，因此我不认为这是开销。

更新: ENUMERATE_MEMBERS宏有一个非常简单的实现(但是可以稍微扩展以支持从可枚举结构继承)

#define ENUMERATE_MEMBERS(...) \
template<typename TEnumerator> inline void EnumerateWith(TEnumerator & enumerator) const { EnumerateWithHelper(enumerator, __VA_ARGS__ ); }\
template<typename TEnumerator> inline void EnumerateWith(TEnumerator & enumerator) { EnumerateWithHelper(enumerator, __VA_ARGS__); }

// EnumerateWithHelper
template<typename TEnumerator, typename ...T> inline void EnumerateWithHelper(TEnumerator & enumerator, T &...v) 
{ 
    int x[] = { (EnumerateWith(enumerator, v), 1)... }; 
}

// Generic EnumerateWith
template<typename TEnumerator, typename T>
auto EnumerateWith(TEnumerator & enumerator, T & val) -> std::void_t<decltype(val.EnumerateWith(enumerator))>
{
    val.EnumerateWith(enumerator);
}

这15行代码不需要任何第三方库;)