编辑:更新的坏链接截至2017年2月7日。

我想没有人提到这一点:

在CERN，他们使用c++的全反射系统:

欧洲核子研究中心的反射。看起来效果很好。

I did something like what you're after once, and while it's possible to get some level of reflection and access to higher-level features, the maintenance headache might not be worth it. My system was used to keep the UI classes completely separated from the business logic through delegation akin to Objective-C's concept of message passing and forwarding. The way to do it is to create some base class that is capable of mapping symbols (I used a string pool but you could do it with enums if you prefer speed and compile-time error handling over total flexibility) to function pointers (actually not pure function pointers, but something similar to what Boost has with Boost.Function--which I didn't have access to at the time). You can do the same thing for your member variables as long as you have some common base class capable of representing any value. The entire system was an unabashed ripoff of Key-Value Coding and Delegation, with a few side effects that were perhaps worth the sheer amount of time necessary to get every class that used the system to match all of its methods and members up with legal calls: 1) Any class could call any method on any other class without having to include headers or write fake base classes so the interface could be predefined for the compiler; and 2) The getters and setters of the member variables were easy to make thread-safe because changing or accessing their values was always done through 2 methods in the base class of all objects.

It also led to the possibility of doing some really weird things that otherwise aren't easy in C++. For example I could create an Array object that contained arbitrary items of any type, including itself, and create new arrays dynamically by passing a message to all array items and collecting the return values (similar to map in Lisp). Another was the implementation of key-value observing, whereby I was able to set up the UI to respond immediately to changes in the members of backend classes instead of constantly polling the data or unnecessarily redrawing the display.

也许您更感兴趣的是，您还可以转储为类定义的所有方法和成员，而且是字符串形式。

该系统的缺点可能会让您望而却步:添加所有消息和键值非常繁琐;它比没有反射要慢;你会讨厌看到boost::static_pointer_cast和boost::dynamic_pointer_cast遍布你的代码库;强类型系统的局限性仍然存在，您实际上只是将它们隐藏了一些，所以它不那么明显。字符串中的错别字也不是一个有趣或容易发现的惊喜。

As to how to implement something like this: just use shared and weak pointers to some common base (mine was very imaginatively called "Object") and derive for all the types you want to use. I'd recommend installing Boost.Function instead of doing it the way I did, which was with some custom crap and a ton of ugly macros to wrap the function pointer calls. Since everything is mapped, inspecting objects is just a matter of iterating through all of the keys. Since my classes were essentially as close to a direct ripoff of Cocoa as possible using only C++, if you want something like that then I'd suggest using the Cocoa documentation as a blueprint.

你可以在这里找到另一个库:http://www.garret.ru/cppreflection/docs/reflect.html 它支持两种方式:从调试信息中获取类型信息和让程序员提供该信息。

我也对反思我的项目感兴趣，发现了这个库，我还没有尝试过，但尝试了这个家伙的其他工具，我喜欢他们的工作方式:-)

你想用反射做什么? 可以使用Boost类型特征和typeof库作为编译时反射的有限形式。也就是说，您可以检查和修改传递给模板的类型的基本属性。

这些信息确实存在——但不是你需要的格式，而且只有当你导出你的类时。这适用于Windows，我不知道其他平台。使用存储类说明符，例如:

class __declspec(export) MyClass
{
public:
    void Foo(float x);
}

这使得编译器将类定义数据构建到DLL/Exe中。但它不是一种可以用于反射的格式。

在我的公司，我们建立了一个解释元数据的库，允许你在不插入额外的宏等到类本身的情况下反映一个类。它允许如下方式调用函数:

MyClass *instance_ptr=new MyClass;
GetClass("MyClass")->GetFunction("Foo")->Invoke(instance_ptr,1.331);

这有效地做到:

instance_ptr->Foo(1.331);

Invoke(this_pointer，…)函数有可变参数。显然，通过这样调用函数，你可以绕过诸如const-safety之类的东西，所以这些方面是作为运行时检查实现的。

我相信语法可以改进，到目前为止它只适用于Win32和Win64。我们发现它非常有用，可以为类提供自动GUI接口，在c++中创建属性，流到XML和从XML输出等等，而且不需要从特定的基类派生。如果有足够的需求，也许我们可以把它做成样子发布。

周围有两种反射。

Inspection by iterating over members of a type, enumerating its methods and so on. This is not possible with C++. Inspection by checking whether a class-type (class, struct, union) has a method or nested type, is derived from another particular type. This kind of thing is possible with C++ using template-tricks. Use boost::type_traits for many things (like checking whether a type is integral). For checking for the existence of a member function, use Templated check for the existence of a class member function? . For checking whether a certain nested type exists, use plain SFINAE .

如果你想要实现1)，比如查看一个类有多少个方法，或者获取一个类id的字符串表示形式，那么恐怕标准c++没有办法做到这一点。你必须使用其中任何一个

一个元编译器，如Qt元对象编译器，它翻译你的代码，添加额外的元信息。 由宏组成的框架，允许您添加所需的元信息。你需要告诉框架所有的方法、类名、基类和它需要的一切。

c++的设计考虑到了速度。如果您想要高级别的检查，就像c#或Java所做的那样，不做一些额外的工作就无法做到这一点。