你可以在这里找到另一个库:http://www.garret.ru/cppreflection/docs/reflect.html 它支持两种方式:从调试信息中获取类型信息和让程序员提供该信息。

我也对反思我的项目感兴趣，发现了这个库，我还没有尝试过，但尝试了这个家伙的其他工具，我喜欢他们的工作方式:-)

您需要做的是让预处理器生成关于字段的反射数据。该数据可以存储为嵌套类。

首先，为了在预处理器中更容易更清晰地编写它，我们将使用类型化表达式。类型化表达式只是将类型放在括号中的表达式。所以不是写int x你会写(int) x。这里有一些方便的宏来帮助类型化表达式:

#define REM(...) __VA_ARGS__
#define EAT(...)

// Retrieve the type
#define TYPEOF(x) DETAIL_TYPEOF(DETAIL_TYPEOF_PROBE x,)
#define DETAIL_TYPEOF(...) DETAIL_TYPEOF_HEAD(__VA_ARGS__)
#define DETAIL_TYPEOF_HEAD(x, ...) REM x
#define DETAIL_TYPEOF_PROBE(...) (__VA_ARGS__),
// Strip off the type
#define STRIP(x) EAT x
// Show the type without parenthesis
#define PAIR(x) REM x

接下来，我们定义一个REFLECTABLE宏来生成关于每个字段(加上字段本身)的数据。这个宏将像这样被调用:

REFLECTABLE
(
    (const char *) name,
    (int) age
)

使用Boost。PP我们迭代每个参数并生成如下数据:

// A helper metafunction for adding const to a type
template<class M, class T>
struct make_const
{
    typedef T type;
};

template<class M, class T>
struct make_const<const M, T>
{
    typedef typename boost::add_const<T>::type type;
};


#define REFLECTABLE(...) \
static const int fields_n = BOOST_PP_VARIADIC_SIZE(__VA_ARGS__); \
friend struct reflector; \
template<int N, class Self> \
struct field_data {}; \
BOOST_PP_SEQ_FOR_EACH_I(REFLECT_EACH, data, BOOST_PP_VARIADIC_TO_SEQ(__VA_ARGS__))

#define REFLECT_EACH(r, data, i, x) \
PAIR(x); \
template<class Self> \
struct field_data<i, Self> \
{ \
    Self & self; \
    field_data(Self & self) : self(self) {} \
    \
    typename make_const<Self, TYPEOF(x)>::type & get() \
    { \
        return self.STRIP(x); \
    }\
    typename boost::add_const<TYPEOF(x)>::type & get() const \
    { \
        return self.STRIP(x); \
    }\
    const char * name() const \
    {\
        return BOOST_PP_STRINGIZE(STRIP(x)); \
    } \
}; \

这样做的目的是生成一个常量fields_n，即类中可反射字段的数量。然后它针对每个字段专门化field_data。它也与反射器类为友，这是为了它可以访问字段，即使它们是私有的:

struct reflector
{
    //Get field_data at index N
    template<int N, class T>
    static typename T::template field_data<N, T> get_field_data(T& x)
    {
        return typename T::template field_data<N, T>(x);
    }

    // Get the number of fields
    template<class T>
    struct fields
    {
        static const int n = T::fields_n;
    };
};

现在要遍历字段，我们使用访问者模式。我们创建一个MPL范围，从0到字段的数量，并访问该索引下的字段数据。然后它将字段数据传递给用户提供的访问者:

struct field_visitor
{
    template<class C, class Visitor, class I>
    void operator()(C& c, Visitor v, I)
    {
        v(reflector::get_field_data<I::value>(c));
    }
};


template<class C, class Visitor>
void visit_each(C & c, Visitor v)
{
    typedef boost::mpl::range_c<int,0,reflector::fields<C>::n> range;
    boost::mpl::for_each<range>(boost::bind<void>(field_visitor(), boost::ref(c), v, _1));
}

现在是揭晓真相的时刻我们把这些都放在一起。下面是如何定义一个可反射的Person类:

struct Person
{
    Person(const char *name, int age)
        :
        name(name),
        age(age)
    {
    }
private:
    REFLECTABLE
    (
        (const char *) name,
        (int) age
    )
};

下面是一个使用反射数据迭代字段的广义print_fields函数:

struct print_visitor
{
    template<class FieldData>
    void operator()(FieldData f)
    {
        std::cout << f.name() << "=" << f.get() << std::endl;
    }
};

template<class T>
void print_fields(T & x)
{
    visit_each(x, print_visitor());
}

在可反射的Person类中使用print_fields的例子:

int main()
{
    Person p("Tom", 82);
    print_fields(p);
    return 0;
}

输出:

name=Tom
age=82

瞧，我们刚刚用c++实现了反射，用了不到100行代码。

RareCpp库实现了相当简单和直观的反射——所有字段/类型信息都被设计成可以在数组中使用，或者感觉像是数组访问。它是为c++ 17编写的，可与Visual Studios、g++和Clang一起使用。这个库只有头文件，这意味着你只需要将“Reflect.h”复制到你的项目中就可以使用它。

被反射的结构体或类需要REFLECT宏，在该宏中您可以提供所反射的类的名称和字段的名称。

class FuelTank {
    public:
        float capacity;
        float currentLevel;
        float tickMarks[2];

    REFLECT(FuelTank, capacity, currentLevel, tickMarks)
};

这就是全部内容，不需要额外的代码来设置反射。可选地，您可以提供类和字段注释，以便能够遍历超类或向字段添加额外的编译时信息(例如Json::Ignore)。

遍历字段可以简单到…

for ( size_t i=0; i<FuelTank::Class::TotalFields; i++ )
    std::cout << FuelTank::Class::Fields[i].name << std::endl;

您可以通过对象实例循环访问字段值(您可以读取或修改)和字段类型信息……

FuelTank::Class::ForEachField(fuelTank, [&](auto & field, auto & value) {
    using Type = typename std::remove_reference<decltype(value)>::type;
    std::cout << TypeToStr<Type>() << " " << field.name << ": " << value << std::endl;
});

---

JSON库构建在RandomAccessReflection之上，它可以自动识别适当的JSON输出表示来读写，并且可以递归遍历任何反射字段，以及数组和STL容器。

struct MyOtherObject { int myOtherInt; REFLECT(MyOtherObject, myOtherInt) };
struct MyObject
{
    int myInt;
    std::string myString;
    MyOtherObject myOtherObject;
    std::vector<int> myIntCollection;

    REFLECT(MyObject, myInt, myString, myOtherObject, myIntCollection)
};

int main()
{
    MyObject myObject = {};
    std::cout << "Enter MyObject:" << std::endl;
    std::cin >> Json::in(myObject);
    std::cout << std::endl << std::endl << "You entered:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << Json::pretty(myObject);
}

上面的代码可以这样运行……

Enter MyObject:
{
  "myInt": 1337, "myString": "stringy", "myIntCollection": [2,4,6],
  "myOtherObject": {
    "myOtherInt": 9001
  }
}


You entered:
{
  "myInt": 1337,
  "myString": "stringy",
  "myOtherObject": {
    "myOtherInt": 9001
  },
  "myIntCollection": [ 2, 4, 6 ]
}

参见……

反映文档 反映实现 更多用法示例

我也想要一匹小马，但小马不是免费的。: - p

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/RTTI是你将得到的。像您所考虑的反射——运行时可用的完整描述性元数据——在默认情况下c++中不存在。

如果你正在寻找相对简单的c++反射——我从各种来源的宏/定义中收集了它们，并注释了它们的工作方式。你可以下载页眉 这里的文件:

https://github.com/tapika/TestCppReflect/blob/master/MacroHelpers.h

一组定义，加上它上面的功能:

https://github.com/tapika/TestCppReflect/blob/master/CppReflect.h https://github.com/tapika/TestCppReflect/blob/master/CppReflect.cpp https://github.com/tapika/TestCppReflect/blob/master/TypeTraits.h

示例应用程序驻留在git存储库以及，在这里: https://github.com/tapika/TestCppReflect/

我将部分复制在这里并进行解释:

#include "CppReflect.h"
using namespace std;


class Person
{
public:

    // Repack your code into REFLECTABLE macro, in (<C++ Type>) <Field name>
    // form , like this:

    REFLECTABLE( Person,
        (CString)   name,
        (int)       age,
...
    )
};

void main(void)
{
    Person p;
    p.name = L"Roger";
    p.age = 37;
...

    // And here you can convert your class contents into xml form:

    CStringW xml = ToXML( &p );
    CStringW errors;

    People ppl2;

    // And here you convert from xml back to class:

    FromXml( &ppl2, xml, errors );
    CStringA xml2 = ToXML( &ppl2 );
    printf( xml2 );

}

REFLECTABLE定义使用类名+字段名+偏移量-来标识特定字段位于内存中的哪个位置。我已经尽可能地学习。net术语，但是c++和c#是不同的，所以不是一对一的。整个c++反射模型驻留在TypeInfo和FieldInfo类中。

我已经使用pugi xml解析器获取演示代码到xml并从xml恢复回来。

演示代码的输出如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<People groupName="Group1">
    <people>
        <Person name="Roger" age="37" />
        <Person name="Alice" age="27" />
        <Person name="Cindy" age="17" />
    </people>
</People>

也可以通过TypeTraits类和部分模板规范来启用任何第三方类/结构支持-以类似于CString或int的方式定义自己的TypeTraitsT类-参见中的示例代码

https://github.com/tapika/TestCppReflect/blob/master/TypeTraits.h#L195

该解决方案适用于Windows / Visual studio。它可以移植到其他操作系统/编译器，但还没有这样做。(如果你真的喜欢解决方案，请问我，我可能会帮助你)

该解决方案适用于一个类和多个子类的一次序列化。

然而，如果你正在寻找序列化类部分的机制，甚至是控制反射调用产生的功能，你可以看看下面的解决方案:

https://github.com/tapika/cppscriptcore/tree/master/SolutionProjectModel

更详细的信息可以从youtube视频中找到:

c++运行时类型反射 https://youtu.be/TN8tJijkeFE

我试图更深入地解释c++反射是如何工作的。

示例代码如下所示:

https://github.com/tapika/cppscriptcore/blob/master/SolutionProjectModel/testCppApp.cpp

c.General.IntDir = LR"(obj\$(ProjectName)_$(Configuration)_$(Platform)\)";
c.General.OutDir = LR"(bin\$(Configuration)_$(Platform)\)";
c.General.UseDebugLibraries = true;
c.General.LinkIncremental = true;
c.CCpp.Optimization = optimization_Disabled;
c.Linker.System.SubSystem = subsystem_Console;
c.Linker.Debugging.GenerateDebugInformation = debuginfo_true;

但是这里的每一步实际上都会导致函数调用 使用c++属性__declspec(property(get =， put…)．

它以路径的形式接收有关c++数据类型、c++属性名和类实例指针的全部信息，并根据这些信息生成xml、json，甚至在互联网上序列化这些信息。

这样的虚拟回调函数的例子可以在这里找到:

https://github.com/tapika/cppscriptcore/blob/master/SolutionProjectModel/VCConfiguration.cpp

参见函数ReflectCopy和虚函数::OnAfterSetProperty。

但是因为这个话题很高级，我建议先看视频。

如果您有一些改进的想法，请随时与我联系。

I did something like what you're after once, and while it's possible to get some level of reflection and access to higher-level features, the maintenance headache might not be worth it. My system was used to keep the UI classes completely separated from the business logic through delegation akin to Objective-C's concept of message passing and forwarding. The way to do it is to create some base class that is capable of mapping symbols (I used a string pool but you could do it with enums if you prefer speed and compile-time error handling over total flexibility) to function pointers (actually not pure function pointers, but something similar to what Boost has with Boost.Function--which I didn't have access to at the time). You can do the same thing for your member variables as long as you have some common base class capable of representing any value. The entire system was an unabashed ripoff of Key-Value Coding and Delegation, with a few side effects that were perhaps worth the sheer amount of time necessary to get every class that used the system to match all of its methods and members up with legal calls: 1) Any class could call any method on any other class without having to include headers or write fake base classes so the interface could be predefined for the compiler; and 2) The getters and setters of the member variables were easy to make thread-safe because changing or accessing their values was always done through 2 methods in the base class of all objects.

It also led to the possibility of doing some really weird things that otherwise aren't easy in C++. For example I could create an Array object that contained arbitrary items of any type, including itself, and create new arrays dynamically by passing a message to all array items and collecting the return values (similar to map in Lisp). Another was the implementation of key-value observing, whereby I was able to set up the UI to respond immediately to changes in the members of backend classes instead of constantly polling the data or unnecessarily redrawing the display.

也许您更感兴趣的是，您还可以转储为类定义的所有方法和成员，而且是字符串形式。

该系统的缺点可能会让您望而却步:添加所有消息和键值非常繁琐;它比没有反射要慢;你会讨厌看到boost::static_pointer_cast和boost::dynamic_pointer_cast遍布你的代码库;强类型系统的局限性仍然存在，您实际上只是将它们隐藏了一些，所以它不那么明显。字符串中的错别字也不是一个有趣或容易发现的惊喜。

As to how to implement something like this: just use shared and weak pointers to some common base (mine was very imaginatively called "Object") and derive for all the types you want to use. I'd recommend installing Boost.Function instead of doing it the way I did, which was with some custom crap and a ton of ugly macros to wrap the function pointer calls. Since everything is mapped, inspecting objects is just a matter of iterating through all of the keys. Since my classes were essentially as close to a direct ripoff of Cocoa as possible using only C++, if you want something like that then I'd suggest using the Cocoa documentation as a blueprint.