Use:

old_names = ['$a', '$b', '$c', '$d', '$e'] 
new_names = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
df.rename(columns=dict(zip(old_names, new_names)), inplace=True)

这样，您可以根据需要手动编辑new_names。当您只需要重命名几个列来纠正拼写错误、重音、删除特殊字符等时，它非常有用。

由于您只想删除所有列名中的$符号，因此只需执行以下操作：

df = df.rename(columns=lambda x: x.replace('$', ''))

OR

df.rename(columns=lambda x: x.replace('$', ''), inplace=True)

这真的很简单。只需使用：

df.columns = ['Name1', 'Name2', 'Name3'...]

它将按照您输入的顺序分配列名。

如果已经有新列名的列表，可以尝试以下操作：

new_cols = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
new_names_map = {df.columns[i]:new_cols[i] for i in range(len(new_cols))}

df.rename(new_names_map, axis=1, inplace=True)

这里有一个我喜欢用来减少打字的漂亮小函数：

def rename(data, oldnames, newname):
    if type(oldnames) == str: # Input can be a string or list of strings
        oldnames = [oldnames] # When renaming multiple columns
        newname = [newname] # Make sure you pass the corresponding list of new names
    i = 0
    for name in oldnames:
        oldvar = [c for c in data.columns if name in c]
        if len(oldvar) == 0:
            raise ValueError("Sorry, couldn't find that column in the dataset")
        if len(oldvar) > 1: # Doesn't have to be an exact match
            print("Found multiple columns that matched " + str(name) + ": ")
            for c in oldvar:
                print(str(oldvar.index(c)) + ": " + str(c))
            ind = input('Please enter the index of the column you would like to rename: ')
            oldvar = oldvar[int(ind)]
        if len(oldvar) == 1:
            oldvar = oldvar[0]
        data = data.rename(columns = {oldvar : newname[i]})
        i += 1
    return data

下面是一个如何工作的示例：

In [2]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 10, size=(10, 4)), columns = ['col1', 'col2', 'omg', 'idk'])
# First list = existing variables
# Second list = new names for those variables
In [3]: df = rename(df, ['col', 'omg'],['first', 'ohmy'])
Found multiple columns that matched col:
0: col1
1: col2

Please enter the index of the column you would like to rename: 0

In [4]: df.columns
Out[5]: Index(['first', 'col2', 'ohmy', 'idk'], dtype='object')

除了已经提供的解决方案之外，您还可以在读取文件时替换所有列。我们可以使用names和header=0来实现这一点。

首先，我们创建一个我们喜欢用作列名的名称列表：

import pandas as pd

ufo_cols = ['city', 'color reported', 'shape reported', 'state', 'time']
ufo.columns = ufo_cols

ufo = pd.read_csv('link to the file you are using', names = ufo_cols, header = 0)

在这种情况下，所有列名都将替换为列表中的名称。