在c++中迭代一个向量的正确方法是什么?
考虑这两个代码片段,这一个工作得很好:
for (unsigned i=0; i < polygon.size(); i++) {
sum += polygon[i];
}
还有这个:
for (int i=0; i < polygon.size(); i++) {
sum += polygon[i];
}
生成警告:有符号整数表达式和无符号整数表达式之间的比较。
对我来说,无符号变量看起来有点吓人,我知道无符号变量如果使用不当会很危险,所以-这是正确的吗?
关于向后迭代,请参阅这个答案。
Iterating forwards is almost identical. Just change the iterators / swap decrement by increment. You should prefer iterators. Some people tell you to use std::size_t as the index variable type. However, that is not portable. Always use the size_type typedef of the container (While you could get away with only a conversion in the forward iterating case, it could actually go wrong all the way in the backward iterating case when using std::size_t, in case std::size_t is wider than what is the typedef of size_type):
使用std::向量
使用迭代器
for(std::vector<T>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it) {
/* std::cout << *it; ... */
}
重要的是,对于您不知道定义的迭代器,始终使用前缀增量形式。这将确保您的代码尽可能通用地运行。
使用Range c++ 11
for(auto const& value: a) {
/* std::cout << value; ... */
使用索引
for(std::vector<int>::size_type i = 0; i != v.size(); i++) {
/* std::cout << v[i]; ... */
}
使用数组
使用迭代器
for(element_type* it = a; it != (a + (sizeof a / sizeof *a)); it++) {
/* std::cout << *it; ... */
}
使用Range c++ 11
for(auto const& value: a) {
/* std::cout << value; ... */
使用索引
for(std::size_t i = 0; i != (sizeof a / sizeof *a); i++) {
/* std::cout << a[i]; ... */
}
但是,请阅读向后迭代的答案,看看sizeof方法可以解决什么问题。
关于Johannes Schaub的回答:
for(std::vector<T*>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it) {
...
}
这可能适用于某些编译器,但不适用于gcc。这里的问题是std::vector::iterator是类型、变量(成员)还是函数(方法)。使用gcc会得到以下错误:
In member function ‘void MyClass<T>::myMethod()’:
error: expected `;' before ‘it’
error: ‘it’ was not declared in this scope
In member function ‘void MyClass<T>::sort() [with T = MyClass]’:
instantiated from ‘void MyClass<T>::run() [with T = MyClass]’
instantiated from here
dependent-name ‘std::vector<T*,std::allocator<T*> >::iterator’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type
note: say ‘typename std::vector<T*,std::allocator<T*> >::iterator’ if a type is meant
解决方案是使用关键字'typename',如下所示:
typename std::vector<T*>::iterator it = v.begin();
for( ; it != v.end(); ++it) {
...