在c++中迭代一个向量的正确方法是什么?
考虑这两个代码片段,这一个工作得很好:
for (unsigned i=0; i < polygon.size(); i++) {
sum += polygon[i];
}
还有这个:
for (int i=0; i < polygon.size(); i++) {
sum += polygon[i];
}
生成警告:有符号整数表达式和无符号整数表达式之间的比较。
对我来说,无符号变量看起来有点吓人,我知道无符号变量如果使用不当会很危险,所以-这是正确的吗?
c++ 11
我会使用像for_each这样的通用算法来避免搜索正确类型的迭代器和lambda表达式,以避免额外命名的函数/对象。
简短的“漂亮”的例子,你的特定情况(假设多边形是一个整数向量):
for_each(polygon.begin(), polygon.end(), [&sum](int i){ sum += i; });
测试地址:http://ideone.com/i6Ethd
别忘了包括:algorithm,当然还有vector:)
微软实际上也有一个很好的例子:
来源:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd293608.aspx
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Create a vector object that contains 10 elements.
vector<int> v;
for (int i = 1; i < 10; ++i) {
v.push_back(i);
}
// Count the number of even numbers in the vector by
// using the for_each function and a lambda.
int evenCount = 0;
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), [&evenCount] (int n) {
cout << n;
if (n % 2 == 0) {
cout << " is even " << endl;
++evenCount;
} else {
cout << " is odd " << endl;
}
});
// Print the count of even numbers to the console.
cout << "There are " << evenCount
<< " even numbers in the vector." << endl;
}
在您示例中的特定情况下,我将使用STL算法来实现这一点。
#include <numeric>
sum = std::accumulate( polygon.begin(), polygon.end(), 0 );
对于更一般,但仍然相当简单的情况,我认为:
#include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp>
#include <boost/lambda/bind.hpp>
using namespace boost::lambda;
std::for_each( polygon.begin(), polygon.end(), sum += _1 );
c++ 11
我会使用像for_each这样的通用算法来避免搜索正确类型的迭代器和lambda表达式,以避免额外命名的函数/对象。
简短的“漂亮”的例子,你的特定情况(假设多边形是一个整数向量):
for_each(polygon.begin(), polygon.end(), [&sum](int i){ sum += i; });
测试地址:http://ideone.com/i6Ethd
别忘了包括:algorithm,当然还有vector:)
微软实际上也有一个很好的例子:
来源:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd293608.aspx
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Create a vector object that contains 10 elements.
vector<int> v;
for (int i = 1; i < 10; ++i) {
v.push_back(i);
}
// Count the number of even numbers in the vector by
// using the for_each function and a lambda.
int evenCount = 0;
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), [&evenCount] (int n) {
cout << n;
if (n % 2 == 0) {
cout << " is even " << endl;
++evenCount;
} else {
cout << " is odd " << endl;
}
});
// Print the count of even numbers to the console.
cout << "There are " << evenCount
<< " even numbers in the vector." << endl;
}
auto polygonsize = polygon.size(), i=polygonsize;
for (i=0; i < polygonsize; i++) {
sum += polygon[i];
}
This
uses auto to avoid us worrying about types.
It takes any function calls e.g. the size() function call out of the loop to avoid unnecessary repeated function calls.
It makes the loop counter available. Purists will want to work with the n'th element with no knowledge of the value of n, and see this as bad.
It appears to have an unecessary statement i=polygonsize initializing the loop variable when it's declared, but this should disappear if there is a half decent code optimizer, and is merely to ensure i has the correct type.
我并不是说任何人都应该像我刚才那样编写代码。
我只是提供它作为另一种替代方案,它可以避免担心类型,将函数调用从循环中取出,并使循环计数器可用于更复杂场景中的调试信息等实际工作。
调用vector<T>::size()返回std::vector<T>::size_type类型的值,不是int, unsigned int或其他类型的值。
在c++中,容器的迭代通常是使用迭代器完成的,就像这样。
std::vector<T>::iterator i = polygon.begin();
std::vector<T>::iterator end = polygon.end();
for(; i != end; i++){
sum += *i;
}
其中T是存储在向量中的数据类型。
或者使用不同的迭代算法(std::transform, std::copy, std::fill, std::for_each等等)。