在c++中迭代一个向量的正确方法是什么?
考虑这两个代码片段,这一个工作得很好:
for (unsigned i=0; i < polygon.size(); i++) {
sum += polygon[i];
}
还有这个:
for (int i=0; i < polygon.size(); i++) {
sum += polygon[i];
}
生成警告:有符号整数表达式和无符号整数表达式之间的比较。
对我来说,无符号变量看起来有点吓人,我知道无符号变量如果使用不当会很危险,所以-这是正确的吗?
c++ 11
我会使用像for_each这样的通用算法来避免搜索正确类型的迭代器和lambda表达式,以避免额外命名的函数/对象。
简短的“漂亮”的例子,你的特定情况(假设多边形是一个整数向量):
for_each(polygon.begin(), polygon.end(), [&sum](int i){ sum += i; });
测试地址:http://ideone.com/i6Ethd
别忘了包括:algorithm,当然还有vector:)
微软实际上也有一个很好的例子:
来源:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd293608.aspx
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Create a vector object that contains 10 elements.
vector<int> v;
for (int i = 1; i < 10; ++i) {
v.push_back(i);
}
// Count the number of even numbers in the vector by
// using the for_each function and a lambda.
int evenCount = 0;
for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), [&evenCount] (int n) {
cout << n;
if (n % 2 == 0) {
cout << " is even " << endl;
++evenCount;
} else {
cout << " is odd " << endl;
}
});
// Print the count of even numbers to the console.
cout << "There are " << evenCount
<< " even numbers in the vector." << endl;
}
关于Johannes Schaub的回答:
for(std::vector<T*>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it) {
...
}
这可能适用于某些编译器,但不适用于gcc。这里的问题是std::vector::iterator是类型、变量(成员)还是函数(方法)。使用gcc会得到以下错误:
In member function ‘void MyClass<T>::myMethod()’:
error: expected `;' before ‘it’
error: ‘it’ was not declared in this scope
In member function ‘void MyClass<T>::sort() [with T = MyClass]’:
instantiated from ‘void MyClass<T>::run() [with T = MyClass]’
instantiated from here
dependent-name ‘std::vector<T*,std::allocator<T*> >::iterator’ is parsed as a non-type, but instantiation yields a type
note: say ‘typename std::vector<T*,std::allocator<T*> >::iterator’ if a type is meant
解决方案是使用关键字'typename',如下所示:
typename std::vector<T*>::iterator it = v.begin();
for( ; it != v.end(); ++it) {
...
在您示例中的特定情况下,我将使用STL算法来实现这一点。
#include <numeric>
sum = std::accumulate( polygon.begin(), polygon.end(), 0 );
对于更一般,但仍然相当简单的情况,我认为:
#include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp>
#include <boost/lambda/bind.hpp>
using namespace boost::lambda;
std::for_each( polygon.begin(), polygon.end(), sum += _1 );