在python3(适用于3.9)中，我们可以定义一个函数，并可以在任何需要打印详细信息的地方使用它。

import traceback

def get_traceback(e):
    lines = traceback.format_exception(type(e), e, e.__traceback__)
    return ''.join(lines)

try:
    1/0
except Exception as e:
    print('------Start--------')
    print(get_traceback(e))
    print('------End--------')

try:
    spam(1,2)
except Exception as e:
    print('------Start--------')
    print(get_traceback(e))
    print('------End--------')

输出如下所示:

bash-3.2$ python3 /Users/soumyabratakole/PycharmProjects/pythonProject/main.py
------Start--------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/soumyabratakole/PycharmProjects/pythonProject/main.py", line 26, in <module>
    1/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

------End--------
------Start--------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/soumyabratakole/PycharmProjects/pythonProject/main.py", line 33, in <module>
    spam(1,2)
NameError: name 'spam' is not defined

------End--------

Python 3解决方案

stacktrace_helper.py:

from linecache import getline
import sys
import traceback


def get_stack_trace():
    exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb = sys.exc_info()
    trace = traceback.format_stack()
    trace = list(filter(lambda x: ("\\lib\\" not in x and "/lib/" not in x and "stacktrace_helper.py" not in x), trace))
    ex_type = exc_type.__name__
    ex_line = exc_tb.tb_lineno
    ex_file = exc_tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename
    ex_message = str(exc_value)
    line_code = ""
    try:
        line_code = getline(ex_file, ex_line).strip()
    except:
        pass

    trace.insert(
        0, f'File "{ex_file}", line {ex_line}, line_code: {line_code} , ex: {ex_type} {ex_message}',
    )
    return trace


def get_stack_trace_str(msg: str = ""):
    trace = list(get_stack_trace())
    trace_str = "\n".join(list(map(str, trace)))
    trace_str = msg + "\n" + trace_str
    return trace_str

Traceback.format_exc()或sys.exc_info()将产生更多信息，如果这是你想要的。

import traceback
import sys

try:
    do_stuff()
except Exception:
    print(traceback.format_exc())
    # or
    print(sys.exc_info()[2])

如果你正在调试，只想查看当前的堆栈跟踪，你可以简单地调用:

traceback.print_stack ()

没有必要为了再次捕获异常而手动引发异常。

你可以这样做:

try:
    do_stuff()
except Exception, err:
    print(Exception, err)
    raise err

如何在不停止程序的情况下打印完整的回溯?

当你不想因为一个错误而停止你的程序时，你需要用try/except来处理这个错误:

try:
    do_something_that_might_error()
except Exception as error:
    handle_the_error(error)

要提取完整的回溯，我们将使用标准库中的traceback模块:

import traceback

并创建一个相当复杂的stacktrace来演示我们得到完整的stacktrace:

def raise_error():
    raise RuntimeError('something bad happened!')

def do_something_that_might_error():
    raise_error()

印刷

要打印完整的回溯，请使用traceback。print_exc方法:

try:
    do_something_that_might_error()
except Exception as error:
    traceback.print_exc()

打印:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in do_something_that_might_error
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in raise_error
RuntimeError: something bad happened!

优于打印、日志:

但是，最佳实践是为您的模块设置一个记录器。它将知道模块的名称，并且能够更改级别(在其他属性中，例如处理程序)

import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

在这种情况下，您将需要记录器。异常函数改为:

try:
    do_something_that_might_error()
except Exception as error:
    logger.exception(error)

日志:

ERROR:__main__:something bad happened!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in do_something_that_might_error
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in raise_error
RuntimeError: something bad happened!

或者，您可能只想要字符串，在这种情况下，您将需要回溯。Format_exc函数改为:

try:
    do_something_that_might_error()
except Exception as error:
    logger.debug(traceback.format_exc())

日志:

DEBUG:__main__:Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in do_something_that_might_error
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in raise_error
RuntimeError: something bad happened!

结论

对于这三个选项，我们看到我们得到的输出和我们有错误时是一样的:

>>> do_something_that_might_error()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in do_something_that_might_error
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in raise_error
RuntimeError: something bad happened!

使用哪种

性能问题在这里并不重要，因为IO通常占主导地位。我更喜欢，因为它精确地以向前兼容的方式执行请求:

logger.exception(error)

日志级别和输出可以调整，这样就可以很容易地关闭，而不需要修改代码。通常做直接需要的是最有效的方法。