Python 3解决方案

stacktrace_helper.py:

from linecache import getline
import sys
import traceback


def get_stack_trace():
    exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb = sys.exc_info()
    trace = traceback.format_stack()
    trace = list(filter(lambda x: ("\\lib\\" not in x and "/lib/" not in x and "stacktrace_helper.py" not in x), trace))
    ex_type = exc_type.__name__
    ex_line = exc_tb.tb_lineno
    ex_file = exc_tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename
    ex_message = str(exc_value)
    line_code = ""
    try:
        line_code = getline(ex_file, ex_line).strip()
    except:
        pass

    trace.insert(
        0, f'File "{ex_file}", line {ex_line}, line_code: {line_code} , ex: {ex_type} {ex_message}',
    )
    return trace


def get_stack_trace_str(msg: str = ""):
    trace = list(get_stack_trace())
    trace_str = "\n".join(list(map(str, trace)))
    trace_str = msg + "\n" + trace_str
    return trace_str

import io
import traceback

try:
    call_code_that_fails()
except:

    errors = io.StringIO()
    traceback.print_exc(file=errors)  # Instead of printing directly to stdout, the result can be further processed
    contents = str(errors.getvalue())
    print(contents)
    errors.close()

其他一些答案已经指出了回溯模块。

请注意，使用print_exc，在某些极端情况下，您将无法获得您所期望的结果。在Python 2.x中:

import traceback

try:
    raise TypeError("Oups!")
except Exception, err:
    try:
        raise TypeError("Again !?!")
    except:
        pass

    traceback.print_exc()

.．.将显示上一个异常的回溯:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "e.py", line 7, in <module>
    raise TypeError("Again !?!")
TypeError: Again !?!

如果你真的需要访问原始的回溯，一个解决方案是将exc_info返回的异常信息缓存到一个局部变量中，并使用print_exception显示它:

import traceback
import sys

try:
    raise TypeError("Oups!")
except Exception, err:
    try:
        exc_info = sys.exc_info()

        # do you usefull stuff here
        # (potentially raising an exception)
        try:
            raise TypeError("Again !?!")
        except:
            pass
        # end of useful stuff


    finally:
        # Display the *original* exception
        traceback.print_exception(*exc_info)
        del exc_info

生产:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "t.py", line 6, in <module>
    raise TypeError("Oups!")
TypeError: Oups!

但这也有一些陷阱:

From the doc of sys_info: Assigning the traceback return value to a local variable in a function that is handling an exception will cause a circular reference. This will prevent anything referenced by a local variable in the same function or by the traceback from being garbage collected. [...] If you do need the traceback, make sure to delete it after use (best done with a try ... finally statement) but, from the same doc: Beginning with Python 2.2, such cycles are automatically reclaimed when garbage collection is enabled and they become unreachable, but it remains more efficient to avoid creating cycles.

另一方面，通过允许你访问与异常相关的回溯，Python 3产生了一个不那么令人惊讶的结果:

import traceback

try:
    raise TypeError("Oups!")
except Exception as err:
    try:
        raise TypeError("Again !?!")
    except:
        pass

    traceback.print_tb(err.__traceback__)

．.． 将显示:

  File "e3.py", line 4, in <module>
    raise TypeError("Oups!")

如果你已经有了一个Error对象，并且你想打印整个东西，你需要做这个有点尴尬的调用:

import traceback
traceback.print_exception(type(err), err, err.__traceback__)

没错，print_exception接受三个位置参数:异常的类型、实际的异常对象和异常自身的内部回溯属性。

在python 3.5或更高版本中，类型(err)是可选的…但它是一个位置参数，所以你仍然需要显式地在它的位置传递None。

traceback.print_exception(None, err, err.__traceback__)

我不知道为什么所有这些不只是traceback.print_exception(err)。为什么你会想打印出一个错误，以及一个回溯，而不是属于该错误的，这超出了我的理解。

要获得精确的堆栈跟踪(作为字符串)，如果没有try/except进行跨步处理，则会引发该字符串，只需将其放置在捕获违规异常的except块中。

desired_trace = traceback.format_exc(sys.exc_info())

下面是如何使用它(假设定义了flaky_func，并且log调用您最喜欢的日志系统):

import traceback
import sys

try:
    flaky_func()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    raise
except Exception:
    desired_trace = traceback.format_exc(sys.exc_info())
    log(desired_trace)

捕获并重新引发KeyboardInterrupts是个好主意，这样您仍然可以使用Ctrl-C终止程序。日志记录不在这个问题的范围之内，但是日志记录是一个很好的选择。sys和traceback模块的文档。

Traceback.format_exc()或sys.exc_info()将产生更多信息，如果这是你想要的。

import traceback
import sys

try:
    do_stuff()
except Exception:
    print(traceback.format_exc())
    # or
    print(sys.exc_info()[2])