StringBuilder明显更高效，但除非您进行大量的字符串修改，否则无法看到这种性能。

下面是给出性能示例的一小段代码。正如您所看到的，只有当您进入大型迭代时，您才真正开始看到主要的性能提升。

正如您所看到的，20万次迭代花费了22秒，而使用StringBuilder的100万次迭代几乎是瞬间完成的。

string s = string.Empty;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

Console.WriteLine("Beginning String + at " + DateTime.Now.ToString());

for (int i = 0; i <= 50000; i++)
{
    s = s + 'A';
}

Console.WriteLine("Finished String + at " + DateTime.Now.ToString());
Console.WriteLine();

Console.WriteLine("Beginning String + at " + DateTime.Now.ToString());

for (int i = 0; i <= 200000; i++)
{
    s = s + 'A';
}

Console.WriteLine("Finished String + at " + DateTime.Now.ToString());
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Beginning Sb append at " + DateTime.Now.ToString());

for (int i = 0; i <= 1000000; i++)
{
    sb.Append("A");
}
Console.WriteLine("Finished Sb append at " + DateTime.Now.ToString());

Console.ReadLine();

以上代码的结果:

开头字符串+在28/01/2013 16:55:40。 完成字符串+在28/01/2013 16:55:40。 开头字符串+在28/01/2013 16:55:40。 完成字符串+在28/01/2013 16:56:02。 开始Sb追加在28/01/2013 16:56:02。 完成Sb的追加在28/01/2013 16:56:02。

The performance of a concatenation operation for a String or StringBuilder object depends on how often a memory allocation occurs. A String concatenation operation always allocates memory, whereas a StringBuilder concatenation operation only allocates memory if the StringBuilder object buffer is too small to accommodate the new data. Consequently, the String class is preferable for a concatenation operation if a fixed number of String objects are concatenated. In that case, the individual concatenation operations might even be combined into a single operation by the compiler. A StringBuilder object is preferable for a concatenation operation if an arbitrary number of strings are concatenated; for example, if a loop concatenates a random number of strings of user input.

来源:MSDN

在. net中，StringBuilder仍然比追加字符串快。我很确定在Java中，它们只是在附加字符串时在底层创建了一个StringBuffer，所以没有真正的区别。我不确定为什么他们还没有在。net中这样做。

我相信StringBuilder更快，如果你有超过4个字符串，你需要附加在一起。此外，它可以做一些很酷的事情，如AppendLine。

StringBuilder更适合从许多非常量值构建字符串。

If you're building up a string from a lot of constant values, such as multiple lines of values in an HTML or XML document or other chunks of text, you can get away with just appending to the same string, because almost all compilers do "constant folding", a process of reducing the parse tree when you have a bunch of constant manipulation (it's also used when you write something like int minutesPerYear = 24 * 365 * 60). And for simple cases with non-constant values appended to each other, the .NET compiler will reduce your code to something similar to what StringBuilder does.

但是当你的append不能被编译器简化为更简单的东西时，你将需要一个StringBuilder。正如fizch所指出的，这更有可能发生在循环内部。

一个简单的例子来演示使用String连接和StringBuilder在速度上的差异:

System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch time = new Stopwatch();
string test = string.Empty;
time.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
{
    test += i;
}
time.Stop();
System.Console.WriteLine("Using String concatenation: " + time.ElapsedMilliseconds + " milliseconds");

结果:

使用字符串串联:15423毫秒

StringBuilder test1 = new StringBuilder();
time.Reset();
time.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
{
    test1.Append(i);
}
time.Stop();
System.Console.WriteLine("Using StringBuilder: " + time.ElapsedMilliseconds + " milliseconds");

结果:

使用StringBuilder: 10毫秒

结果，第一次迭代花费了15423毫秒，而使用StringBuilder的第二次迭代花费了10毫秒。

在我看来，使用StringBuilder更快，快得多。