这里给出的答案没有返回正确的对象类型，因此我在下面创建了这些方法。如果你试图向给定JSON中不存在的类中添加更多字段，它们也会失败:

def dict_to_class(class_name: Any, dictionary: dict) -> Any:
    instance = class_name()
    for key in dictionary.keys():
        setattr(instance, key, dictionary[key])
    return instance


def json_to_class(class_name: Any, json_string: str) -> Any:
    dict_object = json.loads(json_string)
    return dict_to_class(class_name, dict_object)

使用python 3.7，我发现下面的代码非常简单有效。在本例中，将JSON从文件加载到字典中:

class Characteristic:
    def __init__(self, characteristicName, characteristicUUID):
        self.characteristicName = characteristicName
        self.characteristicUUID = characteristicUUID


class Service:
    def __init__(self, serviceName, serviceUUID, characteristics):
        self.serviceName = serviceName
        self.serviceUUID = serviceUUID
        self.characteristics = characteristics

class Definitions:
    def __init__(self, services):
        self.services = []
        for service in services:
            self.services.append(Service(**service))


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        prog="BLEStructureGenerator",
        description="Taking in a JSON input file which lists all of the services, "
                    "characteristics and encoded properties. The encoding takes in "
                    "another optional template services and/or characteristics "
                    "file where the JSON file contents are applied to the templates.",
        epilog="Copyright Brown & Watson International"
    )

    parser.add_argument('definitionfile',
                        type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
                        help="JSON file which contains the list of characteristics and "
                             "services in the required format")
    parser.add_argument('-s', '--services',
                        type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
                        help="Services template file to be used for each service in the "
                             "JSON file list")
    parser.add_argument('-c', '--characteristics',
                        type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
                        help="Characteristics template file to be used for each service in the "
                             "JSON file list")

    args = parser.parse_args()
    definition_dict = json.load(args.definitionfile)
    definitions = Definitions(**definition_dict)

因此，我正在寻找一种不需要大量自定义反序列化代码就能解组任意类型(想想数据类的字典，或者数据类数组的字典的字典)的方法。

这是我的方法:

import json
from dataclasses import dataclass, make_dataclass

from dataclasses_json import DataClassJsonMixin, dataclass_json


@dataclass_json
@dataclass
class Person:
    name: str


def unmarshal_json(data, t):
    Unmarhsal = make_dataclass('Unmarhsal', [('res', t)],
                               bases=(DataClassJsonMixin,))
    d = json.loads(data)
    out = Unmarhsal.from_dict({"res": d})
    return out.res


unmarshalled = unmarshal_json('{"1": {"name": "john"} }', dict[str, Person])
print(unmarshalled)

打印:{'1':Person(name='john')}

def load_model_from_dict(self, data: dict):
    for key, value in data.items():
        self.__dict__[key] = value
    return self

它帮助返回你自己的模型，从字典中不可预见的变量。

这是我的办法。

特性

支持类型提示 如果缺少键则引发错误。 跳过数据中的额外值

import typing

class User:
    name: str
    age: int

    def __init__(self, data: dict):
        for k, _ in typing.get_type_hints(self).items():
            setattr(self, k, data[k])

data = {
    "name": "Susan",
    "age": 18
}

user = User(data)
print(user.name, user.age)

# Output: Susan 18

改进lovasoa非常好的答案。

如果你正在使用python 3.6+，你可以使用: PIP安装棉花糖-enum和 PIP安装棉花糖数据类

它简单且类型安全。

你可以在string-json中转换你的类，反之亦然:

从对象到字符串Json:

    from marshmallow_dataclass import dataclass
    user = User("Danilo","50","RedBull",15,OrderStatus.CREATED)
    user_json = User.Schema().dumps(user)
    user_json_str = user_json.data

从String Json到Object:

    json_str = '{"name":"Danilo", "orderId":"50", "productName":"RedBull", "quantity":15, "status":"Created"}'
    user, err = User.Schema().loads(json_str)
    print(user,flush=True)

类定义:

class OrderStatus(Enum):
    CREATED = 'Created'
    PENDING = 'Pending'
    CONFIRMED = 'Confirmed'
    FAILED = 'Failed'

@dataclass
class User:
    def __init__(self, name, orderId, productName, quantity, status):
        self.name = name
        self.orderId = orderId
        self.productName = productName
        self.quantity = quantity
        self.status = status

    name: str
    orderId: str
    productName: str
    quantity: int
    status: OrderStatus