我想将JSON数据转换为Python对象。
我从Facebook API收到JSON数据对象,我想将其存储在数据库中。
我的当前视图在Django (Python)(请求。POST包含JSON):
response = request.POST
user = FbApiUser(user_id = response['id'])
user.name = response['name']
user.username = response['username']
user.save()
这很好,但是如何处理复杂的JSON数据对象呢?
如果我能以某种方式将这个JSON对象转换为易于使用的Python对象,是不是会更好?
这不是代码高尔夫,但这里是我使用类型的最短技巧。SimpleNamespace作为JSON对象的容器。
与namedtuple解决方案相比,它是:
可能更快/更小,因为它没有为每个对象创建一个类
更短的
没有重命名选项,对于不是有效标识符的键可能有相同的限制(在幕后使用setattr)
例子:
from __future__ import print_function
import json
try:
from types import SimpleNamespace as Namespace
except ImportError:
# Python 2.x fallback
from argparse import Namespace
data = '{"name": "John Smith", "hometown": {"name": "New York", "id": 123}}'
x = json.loads(data, object_hook=lambda d: Namespace(**d))
print (x.name, x.hometown.name, x.hometown.id)
使用python 3.7,我发现下面的代码非常简单有效。在本例中,将JSON从文件加载到字典中:
class Characteristic:
def __init__(self, characteristicName, characteristicUUID):
self.characteristicName = characteristicName
self.characteristicUUID = characteristicUUID
class Service:
def __init__(self, serviceName, serviceUUID, characteristics):
self.serviceName = serviceName
self.serviceUUID = serviceUUID
self.characteristics = characteristics
class Definitions:
def __init__(self, services):
self.services = []
for service in services:
self.services.append(Service(**service))
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
prog="BLEStructureGenerator",
description="Taking in a JSON input file which lists all of the services, "
"characteristics and encoded properties. The encoding takes in "
"another optional template services and/or characteristics "
"file where the JSON file contents are applied to the templates.",
epilog="Copyright Brown & Watson International"
)
parser.add_argument('definitionfile',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="JSON file which contains the list of characteristics and "
"services in the required format")
parser.add_argument('-s', '--services',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="Services template file to be used for each service in the "
"JSON file list")
parser.add_argument('-c', '--characteristics',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="Characteristics template file to be used for each service in the "
"JSON file list")
args = parser.parse_args()
definition_dict = json.load(args.definitionfile)
definitions = Definitions(**definition_dict)
这不是一个很难的事情,我看到上面的答案,他们中的大多数在“列表”中有一个性能问题
这段代码比上面的代码快得多
import json
class jsonify:
def __init__(self, data):
self.jsonify = data
def __getattr__(self, attr):
value = self.jsonify.get(attr)
if isinstance(value, (list, dict)):
return jsonify(value)
return value
def __getitem__(self, index):
value = self.jsonify[index]
if isinstance(value, (list, dict)):
return jsonify(value)
return value
def __setitem__(self, index, value):
self.jsonify[index] = value
def __delattr__(self, index):
self.jsonify.pop(index)
def __delitem__(self, index):
self.jsonify.pop(index)
def __repr__(self):
return json.dumps(self.jsonify, indent=2, default=lambda x: str(x))
exmaple
response = jsonify(
{
'test': {
'test1': [{'ok': 1}]
}
}
)
response.test -> jsonify({'test1': [{'ok': 1}]})
response.test.test1 -> jsonify([{'ok': 1}])
response.test.test1[0] -> jsonify({'ok': 1})
response.test.test1[0].ok -> int(1)
数据类向导是一种现代的选项,可以类似地为您工作。它支持自动键大小写转换,如camelCase或TitleCase,这两者在API响应中都很常见。
当将实例转储到dict/JSON时,默认的键转换是camelCase,但这可以很容易地使用主数据类上提供的Meta配置来覆盖。
https://pypi.org/project/dataclass-wizard/
from dataclasses import dataclass
from dataclass_wizard import fromdict, asdict
@dataclass
class User:
name: str
age: int
is_active: bool
data = {
'name': 'John',
'age': 30,
'isActive': True,
}
user = fromdict(User, data)
assert user == User(name='John', age=30, is_active=True)
json_dict = asdict(user)
assert json_dict == {'name': 'John', 'age': 30, 'isActive': True}
设置元配置的例子,当序列化为dict/JSON时,将字段转换为lisp-case:
DumpMeta(key_transform='LISP').bind_to(User)
class SimpleClass:
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
for k, v in kwargs.items():
if type(v) is dict:
setattr(self, k, SimpleClass(**v))
else:
setattr(self, k, v)
json_dict = {'name': 'jane doe', 'username': 'jane', 'test': {'foo': 1}}
class_instance = SimpleClass(**json_dict)
print(class_instance.name, class_instance.test.foo)
print(vars(class_instance))