我想将JSON数据转换为Python对象。
我从Facebook API收到JSON数据对象，我想将其存储在数据库中。
我的当前视图在Django (Python)(请求。POST包含JSON):
response = request.POST
user = FbApiUser(user_id = response['id'])
user.name = response['name']
user.username = response['username']
user.save()
这很好，但是如何处理复杂的JSON数据对象呢? 如果我能以某种方式将这个JSON对象转换为易于使用的Python对象，是不是会更好?
当前回答
class SimpleClass:
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
for k, v in kwargs.items():
if type(v) is dict:
setattr(self, k, SimpleClass(**v))
else:
setattr(self, k, v)
json_dict = {'name': 'jane doe', 'username': 'jane', 'test': {'foo': 1}}
class_instance = SimpleClass(**json_dict)
print(class_instance.name, class_instance.test.foo)
print(vars(class_instance))
其他回答
使用json模块(Python 2.6新增)或几乎总是安装的simplejson模块。
因此，我正在寻找一种不需要大量自定义反序列化代码就能解组任意类型(想想数据类的字典，或者数据类数组的字典的字典)的方法。
这是我的方法:
import json
from dataclasses import dataclass, make_dataclass
from dataclasses_json import DataClassJsonMixin, dataclass_json
@dataclass_json
@dataclass
class Person:
name: str
def unmarshal_json(data, t):
Unmarhsal = make_dataclass('Unmarhsal', [('res', t)],
bases=(DataClassJsonMixin,))
d = json.loads(data)
out = Unmarhsal.from_dict({"res": d})
return out.res
unmarshalled = unmarshal_json('{"1": {"name": "john"} }', dict[str, Person])
print(unmarshalled)
打印:{'1':Person(name='john')}
修改@DS响应位，从一个文件加载:
def _json_object_hook(d): return namedtuple('X', d.keys())(*d.values())
def load_data(file_name):
with open(file_name, 'r') as file_data:
return file_data.read().replace('\n', '')
def json2obj(file_name): return json.loads(load_data(file_name), object_hook=_json_object_hook)
有一点:它不能加载前面有数字的项目。是这样的:
{
"1_first_item": {
"A": "1",
"B": "2"
}
}
因为“1_first_item”不是一个有效的python字段名。
在寻找解决方案时，我偶然发现了这个博客:https://blog.mosthege.net/2016/11/12/json-deserialization-of-nested-objects/
它使用与前面回答中相同的技术，但使用了装饰器。 我发现另一件有用的事情是，它在反序列化结束时返回一个类型化对象
class JsonConvert(object):
class_mappings = {}
@classmethod
def class_mapper(cls, d):
for keys, cls in clsself.mappings.items():
if keys.issuperset(d.keys()): # are all required arguments present?
return cls(**d)
else:
# Raise exception instead of silently returning None
raise ValueError('Unable to find a matching class for object: {!s}'.format(d))
@classmethod
def complex_handler(cls, Obj):
if hasattr(Obj, '__dict__'):
return Obj.__dict__
else:
raise TypeError('Object of type %s with value of %s is not JSON serializable' % (type(Obj), repr(Obj)))
@classmethod
def register(cls, claz):
clsself.mappings[frozenset(tuple([attr for attr,val in cls().__dict__.items()]))] = cls
return cls
@classmethod
def to_json(cls, obj):
return json.dumps(obj.__dict__, default=cls.complex_handler, indent=4)
@classmethod
def from_json(cls, json_str):
return json.loads(json_str, object_hook=cls.class_mapper)
用法:
@JsonConvert.register
class Employee(object):
def __init__(self, Name:int=None, Age:int=None):
self.Name = Name
self.Age = Age
return
@JsonConvert.register
class Company(object):
def __init__(self, Name:str="", Employees:[Employee]=None):
self.Name = Name
self.Employees = [] if Employees is None else Employees
return
company = Company("Contonso")
company.Employees.append(Employee("Werner", 38))
company.Employees.append(Employee("Mary"))
as_json = JsonConvert.to_json(company)
from_json = JsonConvert.from_json(as_json)
as_json_from_json = JsonConvert.to_json(from_json)
assert(as_json_from_json == as_json)
print(as_json_from_json)
这里给出的答案没有返回正确的对象类型，因此我在下面创建了这些方法。如果你试图向给定JSON中不存在的类中添加更多字段，它们也会失败:
def dict_to_class(class_name: Any, dictionary: dict) -> Any:
instance = class_name()
for key in dictionary.keys():
setattr(instance, key, dictionary[key])
return instance
def json_to_class(class_name: Any, json_string: str) -> Any:
dict_object = json.loads(json_string)
return dict_to_class(class_name, dict_object)
