我想将JSON数据转换为Python对象。
我从Facebook API收到JSON数据对象，我想将其存储在数据库中。
我的当前视图在Django (Python)(请求。POST包含JSON):
response = request.POST
user = FbApiUser(user_id = response['id'])
user.name = response['name']
user.username = response['username']
user.save()
这很好，但是如何处理复杂的JSON数据对象呢? 如果我能以某种方式将这个JSON对象转换为易于使用的Python对象，是不是会更好?
当前回答
如果你正在使用python 3.6+，你可以使用棉花糖-数据类。与上面列出的所有解决方案相反，它既简单，又类型安全:
from marshmallow_dataclass import dataclass
@dataclass
class User:
name: str
user = User.Schema().load({"name": "Ramirez"})
其他回答
Python3.x
以我的知识，我能找到的最好的方法是。 注意，这段代码也处理set()。 这种方法是通用的，只需要类的扩展(在第二个例子中)。 请注意，我只是对文件执行此操作，但是很容易根据自己的喜好修改行为。
然而，这是一个编解码器。
再做一点工作，就可以用其他方式构造类。 我假设有一个默认构造函数来实例它，然后更新类dict。
import json
import collections
class JsonClassSerializable(json.JSONEncoder):
REGISTERED_CLASS = {}
def register(ctype):
JsonClassSerializable.REGISTERED_CLASS[ctype.__name__] = ctype
def default(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, collections.Set):
return dict(_set_object=list(obj))
if isinstance(obj, JsonClassSerializable):
jclass = {}
jclass["name"] = type(obj).__name__
jclass["dict"] = obj.__dict__
return dict(_class_object=jclass)
else:
return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)
def json_to_class(self, dct):
if '_set_object' in dct:
return set(dct['_set_object'])
elif '_class_object' in dct:
cclass = dct['_class_object']
cclass_name = cclass["name"]
if cclass_name not in self.REGISTERED_CLASS:
raise RuntimeError(
"Class {} not registered in JSON Parser"
.format(cclass["name"])
)
instance = self.REGISTERED_CLASS[cclass_name]()
instance.__dict__ = cclass["dict"]
return instance
return dct
def encode_(self, file):
with open(file, 'w') as outfile:
json.dump(
self.__dict__, outfile,
cls=JsonClassSerializable,
indent=4,
sort_keys=True
)
def decode_(self, file):
try:
with open(file, 'r') as infile:
self.__dict__ = json.load(
infile,
object_hook=self.json_to_class
)
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Persistence load failed "
"'{}' do not exists".format(file)
)
class C(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.mill = "s"
JsonClassSerializable.register(C)
class B(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.a = 1230
self.c = C()
JsonClassSerializable.register(B)
class A(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.a = 1
self.b = {1, 2}
self.c = B()
JsonClassSerializable.register(A)
A().encode_("test")
b = A()
b.decode_("test")
print(b.a)
print(b.b)
print(b.c.a)
Edit
通过更多的研究，我发现了一种不需要SUPERCLASS寄存器方法调用的泛化方法，使用元类
import json
import collections
REGISTERED_CLASS = {}
class MetaSerializable(type):
def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if cls.__name__ not in REGISTERED_CLASS:
REGISTERED_CLASS[cls.__name__] = cls
return super(MetaSerializable, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
class JsonClassSerializable(json.JSONEncoder, metaclass=MetaSerializable):
def default(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, collections.Set):
return dict(_set_object=list(obj))
if isinstance(obj, JsonClassSerializable):
jclass = {}
jclass["name"] = type(obj).__name__
jclass["dict"] = obj.__dict__
return dict(_class_object=jclass)
else:
return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)
def json_to_class(self, dct):
if '_set_object' in dct:
return set(dct['_set_object'])
elif '_class_object' in dct:
cclass = dct['_class_object']
cclass_name = cclass["name"]
if cclass_name not in REGISTERED_CLASS:
raise RuntimeError(
"Class {} not registered in JSON Parser"
.format(cclass["name"])
)
instance = REGISTERED_CLASS[cclass_name]()
instance.__dict__ = cclass["dict"]
return instance
return dct
def encode_(self, file):
with open(file, 'w') as outfile:
json.dump(
self.__dict__, outfile,
cls=JsonClassSerializable,
indent=4,
sort_keys=True
)
def decode_(self, file):
try:
with open(file, 'r') as infile:
self.__dict__ = json.load(
infile,
object_hook=self.json_to_class
)
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Persistence load failed "
"'{}' do not exists".format(file)
)
class C(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.mill = "s"
class B(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.a = 1230
self.c = C()
class A(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.a = 1
self.b = {1, 2}
self.c = B()
A().encode_("test")
b = A()
b.decode_("test")
print(b.a)
# 1
print(b.b)
# {1, 2}
print(b.c.a)
# 1230
print(b.c.c.mill)
# s
改进lovasoa非常好的答案。
如果你正在使用python 3.6+，你可以使用: PIP安装棉花糖-enum和 PIP安装棉花糖数据类
它简单且类型安全。
你可以在string-json中转换你的类，反之亦然:
从对象到字符串Json:
from marshmallow_dataclass import dataclass
user = User("Danilo","50","RedBull",15,OrderStatus.CREATED)
user_json = User.Schema().dumps(user)
user_json_str = user_json.data
从String Json到Object:
json_str = '{"name":"Danilo", "orderId":"50", "productName":"RedBull", "quantity":15, "status":"Created"}'
user, err = User.Schema().loads(json_str)
print(user,flush=True)
类定义:
class OrderStatus(Enum):
CREATED = 'Created'
PENDING = 'Pending'
CONFIRMED = 'Confirmed'
FAILED = 'Failed'
@dataclass
class User:
def __init__(self, name, orderId, productName, quantity, status):
self.name = name
self.orderId = orderId
self.productName = productName
self.quantity = quantity
self.status = status
name: str
orderId: str
productName: str
quantity: int
status: OrderStatus
这里给出的答案没有返回正确的对象类型，因此我在下面创建了这些方法。如果你试图向给定JSON中不存在的类中添加更多字段，它们也会失败:
def dict_to_class(class_name: Any, dictionary: dict) -> Any:
instance = class_name()
for key in dictionary.keys():
setattr(instance, key, dictionary[key])
return instance
def json_to_class(class_name: Any, json_string: str) -> Any:
dict_object = json.loads(json_string)
return dict_to_class(class_name, dict_object)
这不是代码高尔夫，但这里是我使用类型的最短技巧。SimpleNamespace作为JSON对象的容器。
与namedtuple解决方案相比，它是:
可能更快/更小，因为它没有为每个对象创建一个类 更短的 没有重命名选项，对于不是有效标识符的键可能有相同的限制(在幕后使用setattr)
例子:
from __future__ import print_function
import json
try:
from types import SimpleNamespace as Namespace
except ImportError:
# Python 2.x fallback
from argparse import Namespace
data = '{"name": "John Smith", "hometown": {"name": "New York", "id": 123}}'
x = json.loads(data, object_hook=lambda d: Namespace(**d))
print (x.name, x.hometown.name, x.hometown.id)
我认为最简单的解决方法是
import orjson # faster then json =)
from typing import NamedTuple
_j = '{"name":"Иван","age":37,"mother":{"name":"Ольга","age":58},"children":["Маша","Игорь","Таня"],"married": true,' \
'"dog":null} '
class PersonNameAge(NamedTuple):
name: str
age: int
class UserInfo(NamedTuple):
name: str
age: int
mother: PersonNameAge
children: list
married: bool
dog: str
j = orjson.loads(_j)
u = UserInfo(**j)
print(u.name, u.age, u.mother, u.children, u.married, u.dog)
>>> Ivan 37 {'name': 'Olga', 'age': 58} ['Mary', 'Igor', 'Jane'] True None
