我想将JSON数据转换为Python对象。
我从Facebook API收到JSON数据对象，我想将其存储在数据库中。
我的当前视图在Django (Python)(请求。POST包含JSON):
response = request.POST
user = FbApiUser(user_id = response['id'])
user.name = response['name']
user.username = response['username']
user.save()
这很好，但是如何处理复杂的JSON数据对象呢? 如果我能以某种方式将这个JSON对象转换为易于使用的Python对象，是不是会更好?
当前回答
使用python 3.7，我发现下面的代码非常简单有效。在本例中，将JSON从文件加载到字典中:
class Characteristic:
def __init__(self, characteristicName, characteristicUUID):
self.characteristicName = characteristicName
self.characteristicUUID = characteristicUUID
class Service:
def __init__(self, serviceName, serviceUUID, characteristics):
self.serviceName = serviceName
self.serviceUUID = serviceUUID
self.characteristics = characteristics
class Definitions:
def __init__(self, services):
self.services = []
for service in services:
self.services.append(Service(**service))
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
prog="BLEStructureGenerator",
description="Taking in a JSON input file which lists all of the services, "
"characteristics and encoded properties. The encoding takes in "
"another optional template services and/or characteristics "
"file where the JSON file contents are applied to the templates.",
epilog="Copyright Brown & Watson International"
)
parser.add_argument('definitionfile',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="JSON file which contains the list of characteristics and "
"services in the required format")
parser.add_argument('-s', '--services',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="Services template file to be used for each service in the "
"JSON file list")
parser.add_argument('-c', '--characteristics',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="Characteristics template file to be used for each service in the "
"JSON file list")
args = parser.parse_args()
definition_dict = json.load(args.definitionfile)
definitions = Definitions(**definition_dict)
其他回答
已经有多种可行的答案，但有一些由个人制作的小型库可以满足大多数用户的需求。
json2object就是一个例子。给定一个已定义的类，它将json数据反序列化到您的自定义模型，包括自定义属性和子对象。
它的使用非常简单。一个来自图书馆wiki的例子:
从json2object导入jsontoobject作为Jo 类学生: def __init__(自我): 自我。firstName =无 自我。lastName = None 自我。courses =[课程(")] 类课程: 定义__init__(self, name): Self.name = name 数据= " '{ “firstName”:“詹姆斯”, “姓”:“债券”, “课程”:[{ “名称”:“战斗”}, ｛ “名称”:“射击”} ］ } “‘ model = Student() Result = jo.deserialize(数据，模型) print (result.courses [0] . name)
如果你使用的是Python 3.5+，你可以使用json来序列化和反序列化到普通的旧Python对象:
import jsons
response = request.POST
# You'll need your class attributes to match your dict keys, so in your case do:
response['id'] = response.pop('user_id')
# Then you can load that dict into your class:
user = jsons.load(response, FbApiUser)
user.save()
你也可以让FbApiUser从jsons继承。JsonSerializable更优雅:
user = FbApiUser.from_json(response)
如果你的类由Python默认类型组成，比如字符串、整数、列表、日期时间等，这些例子就可以工作。不过，jsons lib需要自定义类型的类型提示。
Dacite也可能是您的解决方案，它支持以下功能:
嵌套结构 (基本)类型检查 可选字段(即typing.Optional) 工会 向前引用 集合 自定义类型钩子
https://pypi.org/project/dacite/
from dataclasses import dataclass
from dacite import from_dict
@dataclass
class User:
name: str
age: int
is_active: bool
data = {
'name': 'John',
'age': 30,
'is_active': True,
}
user = from_dict(data_class=User, data=data)
assert user == User(name='John', age=30, is_active=True)
因此，我正在寻找一种不需要大量自定义反序列化代码就能解组任意类型(想想数据类的字典，或者数据类数组的字典的字典)的方法。
这是我的方法:
import json
from dataclasses import dataclass, make_dataclass
from dataclasses_json import DataClassJsonMixin, dataclass_json
@dataclass_json
@dataclass
class Person:
name: str
def unmarshal_json(data, t):
Unmarhsal = make_dataclass('Unmarhsal', [('res', t)],
bases=(DataClassJsonMixin,))
d = json.loads(data)
out = Unmarhsal.from_dict({"res": d})
return out.res
unmarshalled = unmarshal_json('{"1": {"name": "john"} }', dict[str, Person])
print(unmarshalled)
打印:{'1':Person(name='john')}
使用python 3.7，我发现下面的代码非常简单有效。在本例中，将JSON从文件加载到字典中:
class Characteristic:
def __init__(self, characteristicName, characteristicUUID):
self.characteristicName = characteristicName
self.characteristicUUID = characteristicUUID
class Service:
def __init__(self, serviceName, serviceUUID, characteristics):
self.serviceName = serviceName
self.serviceUUID = serviceUUID
self.characteristics = characteristics
class Definitions:
def __init__(self, services):
self.services = []
for service in services:
self.services.append(Service(**service))
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
prog="BLEStructureGenerator",
description="Taking in a JSON input file which lists all of the services, "
"characteristics and encoded properties. The encoding takes in "
"another optional template services and/or characteristics "
"file where the JSON file contents are applied to the templates.",
epilog="Copyright Brown & Watson International"
)
parser.add_argument('definitionfile',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="JSON file which contains the list of characteristics and "
"services in the required format")
parser.add_argument('-s', '--services',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="Services template file to be used for each service in the "
"JSON file list")
parser.add_argument('-c', '--characteristics',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="Characteristics template file to be used for each service in the "
"JSON file list")
args = parser.parse_args()
definition_dict = json.load(args.definitionfile)
definitions = Definitions(**definition_dict)
