我想写一个函数,它以一个字母数组作为参数,并从中选择一些字母。

假设您提供了一个包含8个字母的数组,并希望从中选择3个字母。那么你应该得到:

8! / ((8 - 3)! * 3!) = 56

数组(或单词),每个数组由3个字母组成。


当前回答

在c++中,以下例程将生成range [first,last)之间的长度距离(first,k)的所有组合:

#include <algorithm>

template <typename Iterator>
bool next_combination(const Iterator first, Iterator k, const Iterator last)
{
   /* Credits: Mark Nelson http://marknelson.us */
   if ((first == last) || (first == k) || (last == k))
      return false;
   Iterator i1 = first;
   Iterator i2 = last;
   ++i1;
   if (last == i1)
      return false;
   i1 = last;
   --i1;
   i1 = k;
   --i2;
   while (first != i1)
   {
      if (*--i1 < *i2)
      {
         Iterator j = k;
         while (!(*i1 < *j)) ++j;
         std::iter_swap(i1,j);
         ++i1;
         ++j;
         i2 = k;
         std::rotate(i1,j,last);
         while (last != j)
         {
            ++j;
            ++i2;
         }
         std::rotate(k,i2,last);
         return true;
      }
   }
   std::rotate(first,k,last);
   return false;
}

它可以这样使用:

#include <string>
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::string s = "12345";
    std::size_t comb_size = 3;
    do
    {
        std::cout << std::string(s.begin(), s.begin() + comb_size) << std::endl;
    } while (next_combination(s.begin(), s.begin() + comb_size, s.end()));

    return 0;
}

这将打印以下内容:

123
124
125
134
135
145
234
235
245
345

其他回答

在VB。Net,该算法从一组数字(PoolArray)中收集n个数字的所有组合。例如,从“8,10,20,33,41,44,47”中选择5个选项的所有组合。

Sub CreateAllCombinationsOfPicksFromPool(ByVal PicksArray() As UInteger, ByVal PicksIndex As UInteger, ByVal PoolArray() As UInteger, ByVal PoolIndex As UInteger)
    If PicksIndex < PicksArray.Length Then
        For i As Integer = PoolIndex To PoolArray.Length - PicksArray.Length + PicksIndex
            PicksArray(PicksIndex) = PoolArray(i)
            CreateAllCombinationsOfPicksFromPool(PicksArray, PicksIndex + 1, PoolArray, i + 1)
        Next
    Else
        ' completed combination. build your collections using PicksArray.
    End If
End Sub

        Dim PoolArray() As UInteger = Array.ConvertAll("8,10,20,33,41,44,47".Split(","), Function(u) UInteger.Parse(u))
        Dim nPicks as UInteger = 5
        Dim Picks(nPicks - 1) As UInteger
        CreateAllCombinationsOfPicksFromPool(Picks, 0, PoolArray, 0)
static IEnumerable<string> Combinations(List<string> characters, int length)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < characters.Count; i++)
    {
        // only want 1 character, just return this one
        if (length == 1)
            yield return characters[i];

        // want more than one character, return this one plus all combinations one shorter
        // only use characters after the current one for the rest of the combinations
        else
            foreach (string next in Combinations(characters.GetRange(i + 1, characters.Count - (i + 1)), length - 1))
                yield return characters[i] + next;
    }
}

下面的递归算法从有序集中选取所有k元素组合:

选择组合中的第一个元素I 将I与从大于I的元素集中递归选择的k-1个元素的组合组合。

对集合中的每一个i进行上述迭代。

为了避免重复,您必须选择比i大的其余元素。这样[3,5]将只被选中一次,即[3]与[5]结合,而不是两次(该条件消除了[5]+[3])。没有这个条件,你得到的是变化而不是组合。

下面是一个简单易懂的递归c++解决方案:

#include<vector>
using namespace std;

template<typename T>
void ksubsets(const vector<T>& arr, unsigned left, unsigned idx,
    vector<T>& lst, vector<vector<T>>& res)
{
    if (left < 1) {
        res.push_back(lst);
        return;
    }
    for (unsigned i = idx; i < arr.size(); i++) {
        lst.push_back(arr[i]);
        ksubsets(arr, left - 1, i + 1, lst, res);
        lst.pop_back();
    }
}

int main()
{
    vector<int> arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
    unsigned left = 3;
    vector<int> lst;
    vector<vector<int>> res;
    ksubsets<int>(arr, left, 0, lst, res);
    // now res has all the combinations
}
void combine(char a[], int N, int M, int m, int start, char result[]) {
    if (0 == m) {
        for (int i = M - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            std::cout << result[i];
        std::cout << std::endl;
        return;
    }
    for (int i = start; i < (N - m + 1); i++) {
        result[m - 1] = a[i];
        combine(a, N, M, m-1, i+1, result);
    }
}

void combine(char a[], int N, int M) {
    char *result = new char[M];
    combine(a, N, M, M, 0, result);
    delete[] result;
}

在第一个函数中,m表示还需要选择多少个,start表示必须从数组中的哪个位置开始选择。