我在试着找出Python的lambda。lambda是那些在现实生活中应该被遗忘的“有趣”语言项之一吗?

我确信有一些边缘情况可能需要它,但是考虑到它的模糊性,它在未来版本中被重新定义的可能性(我基于它的各种定义的假设)以及降低的编码清晰度——应该避免它吗?

这让我想起了C类型的溢出(缓冲区溢出)——指向顶部变量并重载以设置其他字段值。这感觉有点像技术人员的表演,但维护程序员的噩梦。


当前回答

我刚开始学习Python,然后一头栽进Lambda——这花了我一段时间才弄明白。

请注意,这不是对任何事情的谴责。每个人都有不容易得到的东西。

lambda是那些在现实生活中应该被遗忘的“有趣”语言项目之一吗?

No.

我相信有一些边缘情况可能需要它,但考虑到它的模糊性,

它并不晦涩。在我过去工作过的两个团队中,每个人都一直在使用这个功能。

它在未来版本中被重新定义的可能性(我基于它的各种定义的假设)

除了几年前修复闭包语义之外,我还没有看到在Python中重新定义它的严肃建议。

编码清晰度的降低——应该避免吗?

如果你用对了,也不会不太清楚。相反,拥有更多可用的语言结构可以增加清晰度。

这让我想起了C类型的溢出(缓冲区溢出)——指向顶部变量并重载以设置其他字段值……有点像技术人员的表演技巧,但维护程序员的噩梦。

就像缓冲区溢出?哇。如果您认为lambda是一个“维护噩梦”,我无法想象您将如何使用它。

其他回答

我使用lambda来创建包含参数的回调。在一行中编写lambda比编写一个方法来执行相同的功能更简洁。

例如:

import imported.module

def func():
    return lambda: imported.module.method("foo", "bar")

相对于:

import imported.module

def func():
    def cb():
        return imported.module.method("foo", "bar")
    return cb

两行总结:

闭包:非常有用。学习它们,利用它们,热爱它们。 Python的lambda关键字:不必要,偶尔有用。如果你发现自己在用它做任何复杂的事情,把它放在一边,定义一个真正的函数。

I started reading David Mertz's book today 'Text Processing in Python.' While he has a fairly terse description of Lambda's the examples in the first chapter combined with the explanation in Appendix A made them jump off the page for me (finally) and all of a sudden I understood their value. That is not to say his explanation will work for you and I am still at the discovery stage so I will not attempt to add to these responses other than the following: I am new to Python I am new to OOP Lambdas were a struggle for me Now that I read Mertz, I think I get them and I see them as very useful as I think they allow a cleaner approach to programming.

He reproduces the Zen of Python, one line of which is Simple is better than complex. As a non-OOP programmer reading code with lambdas (and until last week list comprehensions) I have thought-This is simple?. I finally realized today that actually these features make the code much more readable, and understandable than the alternative-which is invariably a loop of some sort. I also realized that like financial statements-Python was not designed for the novice user, rather it is designed for the user that wants to get educated. I can't believe how powerful this language is. When it dawned on me (finally) the purpose and value of lambdas I wanted to rip up about 30 programs and start over putting in lambdas where appropriate.

如上所述,Python中的lambda操作符定义了一个匿名函数,而Python中的函数是闭包。重要的是不要将闭包的概念与操作符lambda混淆,后者对它们来说只是句法上的美沙酮。

当我几年前开始使用Python时,我经常使用lambda,认为它们很酷,还有列表推导式。然而,我编写并维护了一个用Python编写的大型网站,其中有几千个功能点。我从经验中了解到,lambdas可能可以用来创建原型,但除了节省一些键,它不能提供任何内联函数(命名闭包),有时也不能。

基本上这可以归结为几点:

it is easier to read software that is explicitly written using meaningful names. Anonymous closures by definition cannot have a meaningful name, as they have no name. This brevity seems, for some reason, to also infect lambda parameters, hence we often see examples like lambda x: x+1 it is easier to reuse named closures, as they can be referred to by name more than once, when there is a name to refer to them by. it is easier to debug code that is using named closures instead of lambdas, because the name will appear in tracebacks, and around the error.

这就有足够的理由将它们集中起来,并将它们转换为命名闭包。然而,我对匿名闭包还有另外两个不满。

第一个不满是,它们只是又一个不必要的关键字,把语言弄得乱七八糟。

第二个不满是更深层次的,在范式层面上,也就是说,我不喜欢他们提倡一种函数式编程风格,因为这种风格不如消息传递、面向对象或过程式风格灵活,因为lambda微积分不是图灵完备的(幸运的是,在Python中,我们仍然可以在lambda内部突破这种限制)。我觉得lambdas推崇这种风格的原因是:

这里有一个隐式的返回,即它们看起来像“应该”是函数。 它们是另一种更显式、更可读、更可重用和更通用的机制——方法——的状态隐藏机制的替代方案。

我努力编写无lambda的Python,并在看到lambdas时删除lambdas。我认为如果没有lambdas, Python将是一种更好的语言,但这只是我的个人观点。

你说的是lambda表达式吗?就像

lambda x: x**2 + 2*x - 5

这些东西其实很有用。Python支持一种称为函数式编程的编程风格,在这种编程风格中,您可以将函数传递给其他函数来执行某些操作。例子:

mult3 = filter(lambda x: x % 3 == 0, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

将mult3设置为[3,6,9],即原始列表中3的倍数的元素。这句话更短(有人可能会说,更清楚)

def filterfunc(x):
    return x % 3 == 0
mult3 = filter(filterfunc, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

当然,在这个特殊的情况下,你可以做同样的事情作为一个列表推导:

mult3 = [x for x in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] if x % 3 == 0]

(甚至作为range(3,10,3)),但还有许多其他更复杂的用例,在这些用例中,您不能使用列表推导式,lambda函数可能是写出一些东西的最短方法。

Returning a function from another function >>> def transform(n): ... return lambda x: x + n ... >>> f = transform(3) >>> f(4) 7 This is often used to create function wrappers, such as Python's decorators. Combining elements of an iterable sequence with reduce() >>> reduce(lambda a, b: '{}, {}'.format(a, b), [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]) '1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9' Sorting by an alternate key >>> sorted([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], key=lambda x: abs(5-x)) [5, 4, 6, 3, 7, 2, 8, 1, 9]

我经常使用lambda函数。我花了一段时间来适应它们,但最终我明白了它们是语言中非常有价值的一部分。