考虑:

switch(val)
{
case VAL:
   int newVal = 42;
default:
   int newVal = 23;
}

在没有break语句的情况下，有时newVal会声明两次，直到运行时才知道它是否声明了。我的猜测是，这种限制是由于这种混乱。newVal的范围是什么?惯例规定它将是整个开关块(在大括号之间)。

我不是c++程序员，但在C中:

switch(val) {
    int x;
    case VAL:
        x=1;
}

工作很好。在开关块中声明变量是可以的。在案件警卫之后宣布不是。

好的。我要澄清一下，这和申报完全没有关系。它只涉及“跳过初始化”(ISO c++ '03 6.7/3)

这里的许多帖子都提到跳过声明可能会导致变量“未被声明”。这是不对的。POD对象可以在没有初始化式的情况下声明，但它将具有不确定的值。例如:

switch (i)
{
   case 0:
     int j; // 'j' has indeterminate value
     j = 0; // 'j' set (not initialized) to 0, but this statement
            // is jumped when 'i == 1'
     break;
   case 1:
     ++j;   // 'j' is in scope here - but it has an indeterminate value
     break;
}

当对象是非pod或聚合时，编译器会隐式地添加一个初始化式，因此不可能跳过这样的声明:

class A {
public:
  A ();
};

switch (i)  // Error - jumping over initialization of 'A'
{
   case 0:
     A j;   // Compiler implicitly calls default constructor
     break;
   case 1:
     break;
}

这种限制并不局限于switch语句。使用'goto'跳过初始化也是一个错误:

goto LABEL;    // Error jumping over initialization
int j = 0; 
LABEL:
  ;

一个小细节是，这是c++和C之间的区别。在C中，跳过初始化并不是错误。

正如其他人所提到的，解决方案是添加一个嵌套块，以便变量的生命周期被限制为单个case标签。

考虑:

switch(val)
{
case VAL:
   int newVal = 42;
default:
   int newVal = 23;
}

在没有break语句的情况下，有时newVal会声明两次，直到运行时才知道它是否声明了。我的猜测是，这种限制是由于这种混乱。newVal的范围是什么?惯例规定它将是整个开关块(在大括号之间)。

我不是c++程序员，但在C中:

switch(val) {
    int x;
    case VAL:
        x=1;
}

工作很好。在开关块中声明变量是可以的。在案件警卫之后宣布不是。

整个switch语句在同一个作用域中。要解决这个问题，可以这样做:

switch (val)
{
    case VAL:
    {
        // This **will** work
        int newVal = 42;
    }
    break;

    case ANOTHER_VAL:
      ...
    break;
}

注意括号。

Case语句只是标签。这意味着编译器将把它解释为直接跳转到标签。在c++中，这里的问题是作用域问题。花括号将作用域定义为switch语句中的所有内容。这意味着您留下了一个作用域，在这个作用域中，将跳过初始化进一步跳转到代码中。

正确的处理方法是定义一个特定于case语句的作用域，并在其中定义变量:

switch (val)
{   
case VAL:  
{
  // This will work
  int newVal = 42;  
  break;
}
case ANOTHER_VAL:  
...
break;
}

这个问题最初同时被标记为c和c++。原始代码在C和c++中都是无效的，但原因完全不同，互不相关。

In C++ this code is invalid because the case ANOTHER_VAL: label jumps into the scope of variable newVal bypassing its initialization. Jumps that bypass initialization of automatic objects are illegal in C++. This side of the issue is correctly addressed by most answers. However, in C language bypassing variable initialization is not an error. Jumping into the scope of a variable over its initialization is legal in C. It simply means that the variable is left uninitialized. The original code does not compile in C for a completely different reason. Label case VAL: in the original code is attached to the declaration of variable newVal. In C language declarations are not statements. They cannot be labeled. And this is what causes the error when this code is interpreted as C code. switch (val) { case VAL: /* <- C error is here */ int newVal = 42; break; case ANOTHER_VAL: /* <- C++ error is here */ ... break; } Adding an extra {} block fixes both C++ and C problems, even though these problems happen to be very different. On the C++ side it restricts the scope of newVal, making sure that case ANOTHER_VAL: no longer jumps into that scope, which eliminates the C++ issue. On the C side that extra {} introduces a compound statement, thus making the case VAL: label to apply to a statement, which eliminates the C issue. In C case the problem can be easily solved without the {}. Just add an empty statement after the case VAL: label and the code will become valid switch (val) { case VAL:; /* Now it works in C! */ int newVal = 42; break; case ANOTHER_VAL: ... break; } Note that even though it is now valid from C point of view, it remains invalid from C++ point of view. Symmetrically, in C++ case the the problem can be easily solved without the {}. Just remove the initializer from variable declaration and the code will become valid switch (val) { case VAL: int newVal; newVal = 42; break; case ANOTHER_VAL: /* Now it works in C++! */ ... break; } Note that even though it is now valid from C++ point of view, it remains invalid from C point of view.

从C23开始，C语言中的所有标签都将被解释为标签隐含的空语句(N2508)，也就是说，在C语言中不能将标签放在声明前面的问题将不再存在，并且不再需要上述基于;的修复。