我主要是c#开发人员，但我目前正在用Python开发一个项目。
我如何在Python中表示等价的Enum ?
当前回答
def enum( *names ):
'''
Makes enum.
Usage:
E = enum( 'YOUR', 'KEYS', 'HERE' )
print( E.HERE )
'''
class Enum():
pass
for index, name in enumerate( names ):
setattr( Enum, name, index )
return Enum
其他回答
def M_add_class_attribs(attribs):
def foo(name, bases, dict_):
for v, k in attribs:
dict_[k] = v
return type(name, bases, dict_)
return foo
def enum(*names):
class Foo(object):
__metaclass__ = M_add_class_attribs(enumerate(names))
def __setattr__(self, name, value): # this makes it read-only
raise NotImplementedError
return Foo()
像这样使用它:
Animal = enum('DOG', 'CAT')
Animal.DOG # returns 0
Animal.CAT # returns 1
Animal.DOG = 2 # raises NotImplementedError
如果你只想要唯一的符号，不关心值，替换这行:
__metaclass__ = M_add_class_attribs(enumerate(names))
用这个:
__metaclass__ = M_add_class_attribs((object(), name) for name in names)
我喜欢使用列表或集合作为枚举。例如:
>>> packet_types = ['INIT', 'FINI', 'RECV', 'SEND']
>>> packet_types.index('INIT')
0
>>> packet_types.index('FINI')
1
>>>
所以，我同意。让我们不要在Python中强制执行类型安全，但我想保护自己不犯愚蠢的错误。我们怎么想呢?
class Animal(object):
values = ['Horse','Dog','Cat']
class __metaclass__(type):
def __getattr__(self, name):
return self.values.index(name)
它使我在定义枚举时避免了值冲突。
>>> Animal.Cat
2
还有一个方便的优势:非常快速的反向查找:
def name_of(self, i):
return self.values[i]
Enum类可以是一行程序。
class Enum(tuple): __getattr__ = tuple.index
如何使用它(正向和反向查找、键、值、项等)
>>> State = Enum(['Unclaimed', 'Claimed'])
>>> State.Claimed
1
>>> State[1]
'Claimed'
>>> State
('Unclaimed', 'Claimed')
>>> range(len(State))
[0, 1]
>>> [(k, State[k]) for k in range(len(State))]
[(0, 'Unclaimed'), (1, 'Claimed')]
>>> [(k, getattr(State, k)) for k in State]
[('Unclaimed', 0), ('Claimed', 1)]
def enum( *names ):
'''
Makes enum.
Usage:
E = enum( 'YOUR', 'KEYS', 'HERE' )
print( E.HERE )
'''
class Enum():
pass
for index, name in enumerate( names ):
setattr( Enum, name, index )
return Enum
