If you want to look inside a live object, then python's inspect module is a good answer. In general, it works for getting the source code of functions that are defined in a source file somewhere on disk. If you want to get the source of live functions and lambdas that were defined in the interpreter, you can use dill.source.getsource from dill. It also can get the code for from bound or unbound class methods and functions defined in curries... however, you might not be able to compile that code without the enclosing object's code.

>>> from dill.source import getsource
>>> 
>>> def add(x,y):
...   return x+y
... 
>>> squared = lambda x:x**2
>>> 
>>> print getsource(add)
def add(x,y):
  return x+y

>>> print getsource(squared)
squared = lambda x:x**2

>>> 
>>> class Foo(object):
...   def bar(self, x):
...     return x*x+x
... 
>>> f = Foo()
>>> 
>>> print getsource(f.bar)
def bar(self, x):
    return x*x+x

>>> 

首先，阅读原文。

其次，使用dir()函数。

我很惊讶居然没人提到帮助!

In [1]: def foo():
   ...:     "foo!"
   ...:

In [2]: help(foo)
Help on function foo in module __main__:

foo()
    foo!

Help让您阅读文档字符串并了解类可能具有的属性，这非常有用。

如果这是为了探究发生了什么，我建议查看IPython。这增加了获取对象文档、属性甚至源代码的各种快捷方式。例如，在函数后附加一个"?"将为对象提供帮助(有效地为"help(obj)"提供快捷方式)，而使用两个"?" ("func??")将在可用时显示源代码。

还有很多额外的便利，如制表符补全、结果打印、结果历史记录等，这对于这种探索性编程非常方便。

对于内省的更多编程使用，基本的内置程序，如dir()， vars()， getattr等将是有用的，但值得您花时间检查inspect模块。要获取一个函数的源，使用inspect。例如，将其应用到自身:

>>> print inspect.getsource(inspect.getsource)
def getsource(object):
    """Return the text of the source code for an object.

    The argument may be a module, class, method, function, traceback, frame,
    or code object.  The source code is returned as a single string.  An
    IOError is raised if the source code cannot be retrieved."""
    lines, lnum = getsourcelines(object)
    return string.join(lines, '')

检查。如果处理包装或操作函数，Getargspec通常也很有用，因为它将给出函数参数的名称和默认值。

如果您正在寻找一个稍微更微妙的解决方案，您可以尝试objprint。它的一个积极的方面是它可以处理嵌套对象。例如:

from objprint import objprint

class Position:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

class Player:
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "Alice"
        self.age = 18
        self.items = ["axe", "armor"]
        self.coins = {"gold": 1, "silver": 33, "bronze": 57}
        self.position = Position(3, 5)

objprint(Player())

会打印出来

<Player
  .name = 'Alice',
  .age = 18,
  .items = ['axe', 'armor'],
  .coins = {'gold': 1, 'silver': 33, 'bronze': 57},
  .position = <Position
    .x = 3,
    .y = 5
  >
>

你可以在shell中使用dir()列出对象的属性:

>>> dir(object())
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__']

当然，还有inspect模块:http://docs.python.org/library/inspect.html#module-inspect