您可以执行以下操作（从Aman的答案中借用零件）：

cols = df.columns.tolist()
cols.insert(0, cols.pop(-1))

cols
>>>['mean', 0L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L]

df = df[cols]

我尝试了创建一个order函数，您可以使用Stata的order命令对列进行重新排序/移动。最好创建一个py文件（其名称可能是order.py），并将其保存在目录中并调用它的函数

def order(dataframe,cols,f_or_l=None,before=None, after=None):

#만든이: 김완석, Stata로 뚝딱뚝딱 저자, blog.naver.com/sanzo213 운영
# 갖다 쓰시거나 수정을 하셔도 되지만 출처는 꼭 밝혀주세요
# cols옵션 및 befor/after옵션에 튜플이 가능하게끔 수정했으며, 오류문구 수정함(2021.07.12,1)
# 칼럼이 멀티인덱스인 상태에서 reset_index()메소드 사용했을 시 적용안되는 걸 수정함(2021.07.12,2) 

import pandas as pd
if (type(cols)==str) or (type(cols)==int) or (type(cols)==float) or (type(cols)==bool) or type(cols)==tuple:    
    cols=[cols]
    
dd=list(dataframe.columns)
for i in cols:
    i
    dd.remove(i) #cols요소를 제거함
    
if (f_or_l==None) & ((before==None) & (after==None)):
    print('f_or_l옵션을 쓰시거나 아니면 before옵션/after옵션 쓰셔야되요')
    
if ((f_or_l=='first') or (f_or_l=='last')) & ~((before==None) & (after==None)):
    print('f_or_l옵션 사용시 before after 옵션 사용불가입니다.')
    
if (f_or_l=='first') & (before==None) & (after==None):
    new_order=cols+dd
    dataframe=dataframe[new_order]
    return dataframe

if (f_or_l=='last') & (before==None) & (after==None):   
    new_order=dd+cols
    dataframe=dataframe[new_order]
    return dataframe
    
if (before!=None) & (after!=None):
    print('before옵션 after옵션 둘다 쓸 수 없습니다.')
    

if (before!=None) & (after==None) & (f_or_l==None):

    if not((type(before)==str) or (type(before)==int) or (type(before)==float) or
       (type(before)==bool) or ((type(before)!=list)) or 
       ((type(before)==tuple))):
        print('before옵션은 칼럼 하나만 입력가능하며 리스트 형태로도 입력하지 마세요.')
    
    else:
        b=dd[:dd.index(before)]
        a=dd[dd.index(before):]
        
        new_order=b+cols+a
        dataframe=dataframe[new_order]  
        return dataframe
    
if (after!=None) & (before==None) & (f_or_l==None):

    if not((type(after)==str) or (type(after)==int) or (type(after)==float) or
       (type(after)==bool) or ((type(after)!=list)) or 
       ((type(after)==tuple))):
            
        print('after옵션은 칼럼 하나만 입력가능하며 리스트 형태로도 입력하지 마세요.')  

    else:
        b=dd[:dd.index(after)+1]
        a=dd[dd.index(after)+1:]
        
        new_order=b+cols+a
        dataframe=dataframe[new_order]
        return dataframe

下面的python代码是我制作的order函数的一个示例。我希望您可以使用我的order函数轻松地对列进行重新排序：）

# module

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from order import order # call order function from order.py file

# make a dataset

columns='a b c d e f g h i j k'.split()
dic={}

n=-1
for i in columns:
    
    n+=1
    dic[i]=list(range(1+n,10+1+n))
data=pd.DataFrame(dic)
print(data)

# use order function (1) : order column e in the first

data2=order(data,'e',f_or_l='first')
print(data2)

# use order function (2): order column e in the last , "data" dataframe

print(order(data,'e',f_or_l='last'))


# use order function (3) : order column i before column c in "data" dataframe

print(order(data,'i',before='c'))


# use order function (4) : order column g after column b in "data" dataframe

print(order(data,'g',after='b'))

# use order function (4) : order columns ['c', 'd', 'e'] after column i in "data" dataframe

print(order(data,['c', 'd', 'e'],after='i'))

我有一个在panda中重新排序列名的非常具体的用例。有时我在基于现有列的数据帧中创建一个新列。默认情况下，panda将在末尾插入我的新列，但我希望新列插入到它派生的现有列旁边。

def rearrange_list(input_list, input_item_to_move, input_item_insert_here):
    '''
    Helper function to re-arrange the order of items in a list.
    Useful for moving column in pandas dataframe.

    Inputs:
        input_list - list
        input_item_to_move - item in list to move
        input_item_insert_here - item in list, insert before 

    returns:
        output_list
    '''
    # make copy for output, make sure it's a list
    output_list = list(input_list)

    # index of item to move
    idx_move = output_list.index(input_item_to_move)

    # pop off the item to move
    itm_move = output_list.pop(idx_move)

    # index of item to insert here
    idx_insert = output_list.index(input_item_insert_here)

    # insert item to move into here
    output_list.insert(idx_insert, itm_move)

    return output_list


import pandas as pd

# step 1: create sample dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame({
    'motorcycle': ['motorcycle1', 'motorcycle2', 'motorcycle3'],
    'initial_odometer': [101, 500, 322],
    'final_odometer': [201, 515, 463],
    'other_col_1': ['blah', 'blah', 'blah'],
    'other_col_2': ['blah', 'blah', 'blah']
})
print('Step 1: create sample dataframe')
display(df)
print()

# step 2: add new column that is difference between final and initial
df['change_odometer'] = df['final_odometer']-df['initial_odometer']
print('Step 2: add new column')
display(df)
print()

# step 3: rearrange columns
ls_cols = df.columns
ls_cols = rearrange_list(ls_cols, 'change_odometer', 'final_odometer')
df=df[ls_cols]
print('Step 3: rearrange columns')
display(df)

这里有一个函数可以对任意数量的列执行此操作。

def mean_first(df):
    ncols = df.shape[1]        # Get the number of columns
    index = list(range(ncols)) # Create an index to reorder the columns
    index.insert(0,ncols)      # This puts the last column at the front
    return(df.assign(mean=df.mean(1)).iloc[:,index]) # new df with last column (mean) first

假设您有列为A、B、C的df。

最简单的方法是：

df = df.reindex(['B','C','A'], axis=1)

只需按所需顺序分配列名：

In [39]: df
Out[39]: 
          0         1         2         3         4  mean
0  0.172742  0.915661  0.043387  0.712833  0.190717     1
1  0.128186  0.424771  0.590779  0.771080  0.617472     1
2  0.125709  0.085894  0.989798  0.829491  0.155563     1
3  0.742578  0.104061  0.299708  0.616751  0.951802     1
4  0.721118  0.528156  0.421360  0.105886  0.322311     1
5  0.900878  0.082047  0.224656  0.195162  0.736652     1
6  0.897832  0.558108  0.318016  0.586563  0.507564     1
7  0.027178  0.375183  0.930248  0.921786  0.337060     1
8  0.763028  0.182905  0.931756  0.110675  0.423398     1
9  0.848996  0.310562  0.140873  0.304561  0.417808     1

In [40]: df = df[['mean', 4,3,2,1]]

现在，“mean”列出现在前面：

In [41]: df
Out[41]: 
   mean         4         3         2         1
0     1  0.190717  0.712833  0.043387  0.915661
1     1  0.617472  0.771080  0.590779  0.424771
2     1  0.155563  0.829491  0.989798  0.085894
3     1  0.951802  0.616751  0.299708  0.104061
4     1  0.322311  0.105886  0.421360  0.528156
5     1  0.736652  0.195162  0.224656  0.082047
6     1  0.507564  0.586563  0.318016  0.558108
7     1  0.337060  0.921786  0.930248  0.375183
8     1  0.423398  0.110675  0.931756  0.182905
9     1  0.417808  0.304561  0.140873  0.310562