是否有办法在bash上比较这些字符串，例如:2.4.5和2.8和2.4.5.1?
当前回答
ver_cmp()
{
local IFS=.
local V1=($1) V2=($2) I
for ((I=0 ; I<${#V1[*]} || I<${#V2[*]} ; I++)) ; do
[[ ${V1[$I]:-0} -lt ${V2[$I]:-0} ]] && echo -1 && return
[[ ${V1[$I]:-0} -gt ${V2[$I]:-0} ]] && echo 1 && return
done
echo 0
}
ver_eq()
{
[[ $(ver_cmp "$1" "$2") -eq 0 ]]
}
ver_lt()
{
[[ $(ver_cmp "$1" "$2") -eq -1 ]]
}
ver_gt()
{
[[ $(ver_cmp "$1" "$2") -eq 1 ]]
}
ver_le()
{
[[ ! $(ver_cmp "$1" "$2") -eq 1 ]]
}
ver_ge()
{
[[ ! $(ver_cmp "$1" "$2") -eq -1 ]]
}
测试:
( ( while read V1 V2 ; do echo $V1 $(ver_cmp $V1 $V2) $V2 ; done ) <<EOF
1.2.3 2.2.3
2.2.3 2.2.2
3.10 3.2
2.2 2.2.1
3.1 3.1.0
EOF
) | sed 's/ -1 / < / ; s/ 0 / = / ; s/ 1 / > /' | column -t
1.2.3 < 2.2.3
2.2.3 > 2.2.2
3.10 > 3.2
2.2 < 2.2.1
3.1 = 3.1.0
ver_lt 10.1.2 10.1.20 && echo 'Your version is too old'
Your version is too old
其他回答
### the answer is does we second argument is higher
function _ver_higher {
ver=`echo -ne "$1\n$2" |sort -Vr |head -n1`
if [ "$2" == "$1" ]; then
return 1
elif [ "$2" == "$ver" ]; then
return 0
else
return 1
fi
}
if _ver_higher $1 $2; then
echo higher
else
echo same or less
fi
它非常简单和小。
下面是对顶部答案(Dennis的)的改进，它更简洁，并使用了不同的返回值方案，以便通过单个比较轻松实现<=和>=。它还比较不是[0-9]的第一个字符之后的所有内容。]因此1.0rc1 < 1.0rc2。
# Compares two tuple-based, dot-delimited version numbers a and b (possibly
# with arbitrary string suffixes). Returns:
# 1 if a<b
# 2 if equal
# 3 if a>b
# Everything after the first character not in [0-9.] is compared
# lexicographically using ASCII ordering if the tuple-based versions are equal.
compare_versions() {
if [[ $1 == "$2" ]]; then
return 2
fi
local IFS=.
local i a=(${1%%[^0-9.]*}) b=(${2%%[^0-9.]*})
local arem=${1#${1%%[^0-9.]*}} brem=${2#${2%%[^0-9.]*}}
for ((i=0; i<${#a[@]} || i<${#b[@]}; i++)); do
if ((10#${a[i]:-0} < 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 1
elif ((10#${a[i]:-0} > 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 3
fi
done
if [ "$arem" '<' "$brem" ]; then
return 1
elif [ "$arem" '>' "$brem" ]; then
return 3
fi
return 2
}
为了解决@gammazero的评论，一个(我认为)与语义版本兼容的更长的版本是:
# Compares two dot-delimited decimal-element version numbers a and b that may
# also have arbitrary string suffixes. Compatible with semantic versioning, but
# not as strict: comparisons of non-semver strings may have unexpected
# behavior.
#
# Returns:
# 1 if a<b
# 2 if equal
# 3 if a>b
compare_versions() {
local LC_ALL=C
# Optimization
if [[ $1 == "$2" ]]; then
return 2
fi
# Compare numeric release versions. Supports an arbitrary number of numeric
# elements (i.e., not just X.Y.Z) in which unspecified indices are regarded
# as 0.
local aver=${1%%[^0-9.]*} bver=${2%%[^0-9.]*}
local arem=${1#$aver} brem=${2#$bver}
local IFS=.
local i a=($aver) b=($bver)
for ((i=0; i<${#a[@]} || i<${#b[@]}; i++)); do
if ((10#${a[i]:-0} < 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 1
elif ((10#${a[i]:-0} > 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 3
fi
done
# Remove build metadata before remaining comparison
arem=${arem%%+*}
brem=${brem%%+*}
# Prelease (w/remainder) always older than release (no remainder)
if [ -n "$arem" -a -z "$brem" ]; then
return 1
elif [ -z "$arem" -a -n "$brem" ]; then
return 3
fi
# Otherwise, split by periods and compare individual elements either
# numerically or lexicographically
local a=(${arem#-}) b=(${brem#-})
for ((i=0; i<${#a[@]} && i<${#b[@]}; i++)); do
local anns=${a[i]#${a[i]%%[^0-9]*}} bnns=${b[i]#${b[i]%%[^0-9]*}}
if [ -z "$anns$bnns" ]; then
# Both numeric
if ((10#${a[i]:-0} < 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 1
elif ((10#${a[i]:-0} > 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 3
fi
elif [ -z "$anns" ]; then
# Numeric comes before non-numeric
return 1
elif [ -z "$bnns" ]; then
# Numeric comes before non-numeric
return 3
else
# Compare lexicographically
if [[ ${a[i]} < ${b[i]} ]]; then
return 1
elif [[ ${a[i]} > ${b[i]} ]]; then
return 3
fi
fi
done
# Fewer elements is earlier
if (( ${#a[@]} < ${#b[@]} )); then
return 1
elif (( ${#a[@]} > ${#b[@]} )); then
return 3
fi
# Must be equal!
return 2
}
这里有一个支持修订的纯Bash解决方案(例如。“1.0-r1”)，答案是基于丹尼斯·威廉姆森(Dennis Williamson)发布的答案。可以很容易地修改它以支持'-RC1'之类的东西，或者通过更改正则表达式从更复杂的字符串中提取版本。
有关实现的详细信息，请参考代码内注释和/或启用包含的调试代码:
#!/bin/bash
# Compare two version strings [$1: version string 1 (v1), $2: version string 2 (v2)]
# Return values:
# 0: v1 == v2
# 1: v1 > v2
# 2: v1 < v2
# Based on: https://stackoverflow.com/a/4025065 by Dennis Williamson
function compare_versions() {
# Trivial v1 == v2 test based on string comparison
[[ "$1" == "$2" ]] && return 0
# Local variables
local regex="^(.*)-r([0-9]*)$" va1=() vr1=0 va2=() vr2=0 len i IFS="."
# Split version strings into arrays, extract trailing revisions
if [[ "$1" =~ ${regex} ]]; then
va1=(${BASH_REMATCH[1]})
[[ -n "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" ]] && vr1=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
else
va1=($1)
fi
if [[ "$2" =~ ${regex} ]]; then
va2=(${BASH_REMATCH[1]})
[[ -n "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" ]] && vr2=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
else
va2=($2)
fi
# Bring va1 and va2 to same length by filling empty fields with zeros
(( ${#va1[@]} > ${#va2[@]} )) && len=${#va1[@]} || len=${#va2[@]}
for ((i=0; i < len; ++i)); do
[[ -z "${va1[i]}" ]] && va1[i]="0"
[[ -z "${va2[i]}" ]] && va2[i]="0"
done
# Append revisions, increment length
va1+=($vr1)
va2+=($vr2)
len=$((len+1))
# *** DEBUG ***
#echo "TEST: '${va1[@]} (?) ${va2[@]}'"
# Compare version elements, check if v1 > v2 or v1 < v2
for ((i=0; i < len; ++i)); do
if (( 10#${va1[i]} > 10#${va2[i]} )); then
return 1
elif (( 10#${va1[i]} < 10#${va2[i]} )); then
return 2
fi
done
# All elements are equal, thus v1 == v2
return 0
}
# ---------- everything below this line is just for testing ----------
# Test compare_versions [$1: version string 1, $2: version string 2, $3: expected result]
function test_compare_versions() {
local op
compare_versions "$1" "$2"
case $? in
0) op="==" ;;
1) op=">" ;;
2) op="<" ;;
esac
if [[ "$op" == "$3" ]]; then
echo -e "\e[1;32mPASS: '$1 $op $2'\e[0m"
else
echo -e "\e[1;31mFAIL: '$1 $3 $2' (result: '$1 $op $2')\e[0m"
fi
}
echo -e "\nThe following tests should pass:"
while read -r test; do
test_compare_versions $test
done << EOF
1 1 ==
2.1 2.2 <
3.0.4.10 3.0.4.2 >
4.08 4.08.01 <
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2 >
3.2 3.2.1.9.8144 <
1.2 2.1 <
2.1 1.2 >
5.6.7 5.6.7 ==
1.01.1 1.1.1 ==
1.1.1 1.01.1 ==
1 1.0 ==
1.0 1 ==
1.0.2.0 1.0.2 ==
1..0 1.0 ==
1.0 1..0 ==
1.0-r1 1.0-r3 <
1.0-r9 2.0 <
3.0-r15 3.0-r9 >
...-r1 ...-r2 <
2.0-r1 1.9.8.21-r2 >
1.0 3.8.9.32-r <
-r -r3 <
-r3 -r >
-r3 -r3 ==
-r -r ==
0.0-r2 0.0.0.0-r2 ==
1.0.0.0-r2 1.0-r2 ==
0.0.0.1-r7 -r9 >
0.0-r0 0 ==
1.002.0-r6 1.2.0-r7 <
001.001-r2 1.1-r2 ==
5.6.1-r0 5.6.1 ==
EOF
echo -e "\nThe following tests should fail:"
while read -r test; do
test_compare_versions $test
done << EOF
1 1 >
3.0.5-r5 3..5-r5 >
4.9.21-r3 4.8.22-r9 <
1.0-r 1.0-r1 ==
-r 1.0-r >
-r1 0.0-r1 <
-r2 0-r2 <
EOF
我实现了另一个比较器函数。这一个有两个特定的要求:(i)我不希望函数失败使用返回1，但echo代替;(ii)当我们从git存储库中检索版本时，版本“1.0”应该大于“1.0.2”，这意味着“1.0”来自trunk。
function version_compare {
IFS="." read -a v_a <<< "$1"
IFS="." read -a v_b <<< "$2"
while [[ -n "$v_a" || -n "$v_b" ]]; do
[[ -z "$v_a" || "$v_a" -gt "$v_b" ]] && echo 1 && return
[[ -z "$v_b" || "$v_b" -gt "$v_a" ]] && echo -1 && return
v_a=("${v_a[@]:1}")
v_b=("${v_b[@]:1}")
done
echo 0
}
请随意评论并提出改进建议。
当Bash变得太复杂时，就把它输送到python中!
vercomp(){ echo "$1" "$2" | python3 -c "import re, sys; arr = lambda x: list(map(int, re.split('[^0-9]+', x))); x, y = map(arr, sys.stdin.read().split()); exit(not x >= y)"; }
比较两个版本号的例子:
vercomp 2.8 2.4.5 && echo ">=" || echo "<"
这个python一行代码比较左边版本号和右边版本号，如果左边版本号等于或更高，则退出0。它还处理2.4.5rc3这样的版本
分解后，这是可读的代码:
import re, sys
# Convert a version string into a list "2.4.5" -> [2, 4, 5]
arr = lambda x: list(map(int, re.split('[^0-9]+', x)))
# Read the version numbers from stdin and apply the above function to them
x, y = map(arr, sys.stdin.read().split())
# Exit 0 if the left number is greater than the right
exit(not x >= y)
