我使用一个函数来规范化这些数字，然后比较它们。

for循环用于将版本字符串中的八进制数转换为十进制数，例如:1.08→1 8,1.0030→1 30,2021-02-03→2021 2 3…

(用bash 5.0.17测试

#!/usr/bin/env bash

v() {
  printf "%04d%04d%04d%04d%04d" $(for i in ${1//[^0-9]/ }; do printf "%d " $((10#$i)); done)
}

while read -r test; do
  set -- $test
  printf "$test    "
  eval "if [[ $(v $1) $3 $(v $2) ]] ; then echo true; else echo false; fi"
done << EOF
1              1                   ==
2.1            2.2                  <
3.0.4.10       3.0.4.2              >
4.08           4.08.01              <
3.2.1.9.8144   3.2                  >
3.2            3.2.1.9.8144         <
1.2            2.1                  <
2.1            1.2                  >
5.6.7          5.6.7               ==
1.01.1         1.1.1               ==
1.1.1          1.01.1              ==
1              1.0                 ==
1.0            1                   ==
1.0.2.0        1.0.2               ==
1..0           1.0                 ==
1.0            1..0                ==
1              1                    >
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4            >
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4           ==
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4            <
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4           !=
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3+rc4            <
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1.1     <
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1-rf1   <
2021-01-03-rc1 2021-01-04           <
5.0.17(1)-release 5.0.17(2)-release <
EOF

结果:

1              1                   ==    true
2.1            2.2                  <    true
3.0.4.10       3.0.4.2              >    true
4.08           4.08.01              <    true
3.2.1.9.8144   3.2                  >    true
3.2            3.2.1.9.8144         <    true
1.2            2.1                  <    true
2.1            1.2                  >    true
5.6.7          5.6.7               ==    true
1.01.1         1.1.1               ==    true
1.1.1          1.01.1              ==    true
1              1.0                 ==    true
1.0            1                   ==    true
1.0.2.0        1.0.2               ==    true
1..0           1.0                 ==    true
1.0            1..0                ==    true
1              1                    >    false
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4            >    false
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4           ==    false
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4            <    true
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4           !=    true
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3+rc4            <    true
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1.1     <    true
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1-rf1   <    true
2021-01-03-rc1 2021-01-04           <    true
5.0.17(1)-release 5.0.17(2)-release <    true

当Bash变得太复杂时，就把它输送到python中!

vercomp(){ echo "$1" "$2" | python3 -c "import re, sys; arr = lambda x: list(map(int, re.split('[^0-9]+', x))); x, y = map(arr, sys.stdin.read().split()); exit(not x >= y)"; }

比较两个版本号的例子:

vercomp 2.8 2.4.5 && echo ">=" || echo "<"

这个python一行代码比较左边版本号和右边版本号，如果左边版本号等于或更高，则退出0。它还处理2.4.5rc3这样的版本

分解后，这是可读的代码:

import re, sys

# Convert a version string into a list "2.4.5" -> [2, 4, 5]
arr = lambda x: list(map(int, re.split('[^0-9]+', x)))

# Read the version numbers from stdin and apply the above function to them
x, y = map(arr, sys.stdin.read().split())

# Exit 0 if the left number is greater than the right
exit(not x >= y)

function version_compare () {
  function sub_ver () {
    local len=${#1}
    temp=${1%%"."*} && indexOf=`echo ${1%%"."*} | echo ${#temp}`
    echo -e "${1:0:indexOf}"
  }
  function cut_dot () {
    local offset=${#1}
    local length=${#2}
    echo -e "${2:((++offset)):length}"
  }
  if [ -z "$1" ] || [ -z "$2" ]; then
    echo "=" && exit 0
  fi
  local v1=`echo -e "${1}" | tr -d '[[:space:]]'`
  local v2=`echo -e "${2}" | tr -d '[[:space:]]'`
  local v1_sub=`sub_ver $v1`
  local v2_sub=`sub_ver $v2`
  if (( v1_sub > v2_sub )); then
    echo ">"
  elif (( v1_sub < v2_sub )); then
    echo "<"
  else
    version_compare `cut_dot $v1_sub $v1` `cut_dot $v2_sub $v2`
  fi
}

### Usage:

version_compare "1.2.3" "1.2.4"
# Output: <

功劳归于@Shellman

下面是另一个纯bash版本，比公认的答案要小得多。它只检查版本是否小于或等于“最小版本”，并且它将按字典顺序检查字母数字序列，这通常会给出错误的结果(举个常见的例子，“snapshot”不晚于“release”)。它将工作的主要/次要。

is_number() {
    case "$BASH_VERSION" in
        3.1.*)
            PATTERN='\^\[0-9\]+\$'
            ;;
        *)
            PATTERN='^[0-9]+$'
            ;;
    esac

    [[ "$1" =~ $PATTERN ]]
}

min_version() {
    if [[ $# != 2 ]]
    then
        echo "Usage: min_version current minimum"
        return
    fi

    A="${1%%.*}"
    B="${2%%.*}"

    if [[ "$A" != "$1" && "$B" != "$2" && "$A" == "$B" ]]
    then
        min_version "${1#*.}" "${2#*.}"
    else
        if is_number "$A" && is_number "$B"
        then
            [[ "$A" -ge "$B" ]]
        else
            [[ ! "$A" < "$B" ]]
        fi
    fi
}

### the answer is does we second argument is higher
function _ver_higher {
        ver=`echo -ne "$1\n$2" |sort -Vr |head -n1`
        if [ "$2" == "$1" ]; then
                return 1
        elif [ "$2" == "$ver" ]; then
                return 0
        else
                return 1
        fi
}

if _ver_higher $1 $2; then
        echo higher
else
        echo same or less
fi

它非常简单和小。

与其编写冗长的代码使您的生活过于复杂，不如使用一些已经存在的东西。很多时候，当bash不够用时，python可以提供帮助。你仍然可以很容易地从bash脚本调用它(额外的好处:从bash到python的变量替换):

VERSION1=1.2.3
VERSION2=1.2.4

cat <<EOF | python3 | grep -q True
from packaging import version
print(version.parse("$VERSION1") > version.parse("$VERSION2"))
EOF

if [ "$?" == 0 ];  then
   echo "$VERSION1 is greater than $VERSION2"
else
   echo "$VERSION2 is greater or equal than $VERSION1"
fi

这里有更多信息:如何比较Python中的版本号?