是否有办法在bash上比较这些字符串，例如:2.4.5和2.8和2.4.5.1?
当前回答
下面是另一个纯bash版本，比公认的答案要小得多。它只检查版本是否小于或等于“最小版本”，并且它将按字典顺序检查字母数字序列，这通常会给出错误的结果(举个常见的例子，“snapshot”不晚于“release”)。它将工作的主要/次要。
is_number() {
case "$BASH_VERSION" in
3.1.*)
PATTERN='\^\[0-9\]+\$'
;;
*)
PATTERN='^[0-9]+$'
;;
esac
[[ "$1" =~ $PATTERN ]]
}
min_version() {
if [[ $# != 2 ]]
then
echo "Usage: min_version current minimum"
return
fi
A="${1%%.*}"
B="${2%%.*}"
if [[ "$A" != "$1" && "$B" != "$2" && "$A" == "$B" ]]
then
min_version "${1#*.}" "${2#*.}"
else
if is_number "$A" && is_number "$B"
then
[[ "$A" -ge "$B" ]]
else
[[ ! "$A" < "$B" ]]
fi
fi
}
其他回答
我不喜欢这些解决方案，因为它们漏洞百出、不可移植等等。
我(目前)努力提出一个更好的解决方案……src: version_compare(),测试
Sorta-copied /贴在这里……
来源:
##
# Compare two versions.
#
# **Usage:** version_compare version1 operator version2
#
# - operator:
#
# + ``lesser_than``, ``-lt``, ``<``
# + ``lesser_than_or_equal``, ``-le``, ``<=``
# + ``greater_than``, ``-gt``, ``>``
# + ``greater_than_or_equal``, ``-ge``, ``>=``
# + ``equal``, ``-eq``, ``==``
# + ``not_equal``, ``-ne``, ``!=``
#
# - version{1,2}: arbitrary version strings to compare
#
# **Version Format:** ``[0-9]+($VERSION_SEPARATOR[0-9]+)*`` (i.e. 1, 1.0, 90, 1.2.3.4)
#
# **Returns:** true if comparison statement is correct
##
version_compare() {
_largest_version "$1" "$3"; _cmp="$(printf '%s' "$?")"
# Check for valid responses or bail early
case "$_cmp" in
1|0|2) :;;
*) _die "$_cmp" 'version comparison failed';;
esac
# The easy part
case "$2" in
'lesser_than'|'-lt'|'<')
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
'lesser_or_equal'|'-le'|'<=')
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
'greater_than'|'-gt'|'>')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
;;
'greater_or_equal'|'-ge'|'>=')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
;;
'equal'|'-eq'|'==')
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
;;
'not_equal'|'-ne'|'!=')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
*) _die 7 'Unknown operatoration called for version_compare().';;
esac
return 1
}
##
# Print a formatted (critical) message and exit with status.
#
# **Usage:** _die [exit_status] message
#
# - exit_status: exit code to use with script termination (default: 1)
# - message: message to print before terminating script execution
##
_die() {
# If first argument was an integer, use as exit_status
if [ "$1" -eq "$1" ] 2>/dev/null; then
_exit_status="$1"; shift
else
_exit_status=1
fi
printf '*** CRITICAL: %s ***\n' "$1"
exit "$_exit_status"
}
##
# Compare two versions.
# Check if one version is larger/smaller/equal than/to another.
#
# **Usage:** _largest_version ver1 ver2
#
# Returns: ($1 > $2): 1 ; ($1 = $2): 0 ; ($1 < $2): 2
# [IOW- 1 = $1 is largest; 0 = neither ; 2 = $2 is largest]
##
_largest_version() (
# Value used to separate version components
VERSION_SEPARATOR="${VERSION_SEPARATOR:-.}"
for _p in "$1" "$2"; do
[ "$(printf %.1s "$_p")" = "$VERSION_SEPARATOR" ] &&
_die 7 'invalid version pattern provided'
done
# Split versions on VER_SEP into int/sub
_v="$1$2"
_v1="$1"
_s1="${1#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}"
if [ "$_v1" = "$_s1" ]; then
_s1=''
_m1="$_v1"
else
_m1="${1%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*}"
fi
_v2="$2"
_s2="${2#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}"
if [ "$_v2" = "$_s2" ]; then
_s2=''
_m2="$_v2"
else
_m2="${2%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*}"
fi
# Both are equal
[ "$_v1" = "$_v2" ] && return 0
# Something is larger than nothing (30 < 30.0)
if [ -n "$_v1" ] && [ ! -n "$_v2" ]; then
return 1
elif [ ! -n "$_v1" ] && [ -n "$_v2" ]; then
return 2
fi
# Check for invalid
case "$_m1$_m2" in
*[!0-9]*)
_die 7 'version_compare called with unsupported version type'
;;
esac
# If a ver_sep is present
if [ "${_v#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}" != "$_v" ]; then
# Check for a larger "major" version number
[ "$_m1" -lt "$_m2" ] && return 2
[ "$_m1" -gt "$_m2" ] && return 1
# Compare substring components
_largest_version "$_s1" "$_s2"; return "$?"
else
# Only integers present; simple integer comparison
[ "$_v1" -lt "$_v2" ] && return 2
[ "$_v1" -gt "$_v2" ] && return 1
fi
)
测试:
# Simple test of all operators
( version_compare '1' 'lesser_than' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'equal' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' 'not_equal' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'greater_than' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '-lt' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-eq' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-gt' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Semver test of primary operators (expect true)
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-lt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-eq' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-ne' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-gt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Semver test of primary operators (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-lt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-eq' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-ne' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# Mismatched version strings (expect true)
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '7.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Mismatched version strings (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.0' '-eq' '7.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# Invalid operation supplied
( version_compare '2' '-inv' '1' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
# Invalid version formats
( version_compare '1..0' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1..0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1.0b7' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0a' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
# "how does that handle comparing 10.0.0 (not a number) to 2.0 (a number)?"
( version_compare '10.0.0' '-lt' '2.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '10.0' '-gt' '2.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# not less/greater-than... but equal
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# String vs. numerical comparison
( version_compare '1.18.1' '-gt' '1.8.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Random tests found on the internet
( version_compare '1' '==' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '<' '2.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.4.10' '>' '3.0.4.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '4.08' '<' '4.08.01' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2.1.9.8144' '>' '3.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2' '<' '3.2.1.9.8144' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.2' '<' '2.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '>' '1.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '5.6.7' '==' '5.6.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.01.1' '==' '1.1.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.1.1' '==' '1.01.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0.0' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
我使用嵌入式Linux (Yocto)与BusyBox。BusyBox排序没有-V选项(但BusyBox expr匹配可以做正则表达式)。所以我需要一个Bash版本的比较，它适用于这个约束。
我做了以下(类似于Dennis Williamson的回答)来比较使用“自然排序”类型的算法。它将字符串分成数字部分和非数字部分;它以数字方式比较数字部分(因此10大于9)，并以纯ASCII方式比较非数字部分。
ascii_frag() {
expr match "$1" "\([^[:digit:]]*\)"
}
ascii_remainder() {
expr match "$1" "[^[:digit:]]*\(.*\)"
}
numeric_frag() {
expr match "$1" "\([[:digit:]]*\)"
}
numeric_remainder() {
expr match "$1" "[[:digit:]]*\(.*\)"
}
vercomp_debug() {
OUT="$1"
#echo "${OUT}"
}
# return 1 for $1 > $2
# return 2 for $1 < $2
# return 0 for equal
vercomp() {
local WORK1="$1"
local WORK2="$2"
local NUM1="", NUM2="", ASCII1="", ASCII2=""
while true; do
vercomp_debug "ASCII compare"
ASCII1=`ascii_frag "${WORK1}"`
ASCII2=`ascii_frag "${WORK2}"`
WORK1=`ascii_remainder "${WORK1}"`
WORK2=`ascii_remainder "${WORK2}"`
vercomp_debug "\"${ASCII1}\" remainder \"${WORK1}\""
vercomp_debug "\"${ASCII2}\" remainder \"${WORK2}\""
if [ "${ASCII1}" \> "${ASCII2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "ascii ${ASCII1} > ${ASCII2}"
return 1
elif [ "${ASCII1}" \< "${ASCII2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "ascii ${ASCII1} < ${ASCII2}"
return 2
fi
vercomp_debug "--------"
vercomp_debug "Numeric compare"
NUM1=`numeric_frag "${WORK1}"`
NUM2=`numeric_frag "${WORK2}"`
WORK1=`numeric_remainder "${WORK1}"`
WORK2=`numeric_remainder "${WORK2}"`
vercomp_debug "\"${NUM1}\" remainder \"${WORK1}\""
vercomp_debug "\"${NUM2}\" remainder \"${WORK2}\""
if [ -z "${NUM1}" -a -z "${NUM2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "blank 1 and blank 2 equal"
return 0
elif [ -z "${NUM1}" -a -n "${NUM2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "blank 1 less than non-blank 2"
return 2
elif [ -n "${NUM1}" -a -z "${NUM2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "non-blank 1 greater than blank 2"
return 1
fi
if [ "${NUM1}" -gt "${NUM2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "num ${NUM1} > ${NUM2}"
return 1
elif [ "${NUM1}" -lt "${NUM2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "num ${NUM1} < ${NUM2}"
return 2
fi
vercomp_debug "--------"
done
}
它可以比较更复杂的版本号，例如
1.2-r3和1.2-r4 1.2 r3 vs 1.2r4
请注意，对于Dennis Williamson的回答中的一些极端情况，它不会返回相同的结果。特别是:
1 1.0 <
1.0 1 >
1.0.2.0 1.0.2 >
1..0 1.0 >
1.0 1..0 <
但这些都是极端情况，我认为结果仍然是合理的。
函数V -纯bash解决方案，不需要外部实用程序。 支持== = != < <= >和>=(字典)。 可选尾字母比较:1.5a < 1.5b 长度不等比较:1.6 > 1.5b 从左到右读取:如果V 1.5 '<' 1.6;然后……
<>
# Sample output
# Note: ++ (true) and __ (false) mean that V works correctly.
++ 3.6 '>' 3.5b
__ 2.5.7 '<=' 2.5.6
++ 2.4.10 '<' 2.5.9
__ 3.0002 '>' 3.0003.3
++ 4.0-RC2 '>' 4.0-RC1
<>
function V() # $1-a $2-op $3-$b
# Compare a and b as version strings. Rules:
# R1: a and b : dot-separated sequence of items. Items are numeric. The last item can optionally end with letters, i.e., 2.5 or 2.5a.
# R2: Zeros are automatically inserted to compare the same number of items, i.e., 1.0 < 1.0.1 means 1.0.0 < 1.0.1 => yes.
# R3: op can be '=' '==' '!=' '<' '<=' '>' '>=' (lexicographic).
# R4: Unrestricted number of digits of any item, i.e., 3.0003 > 3.0000004.
# R5: Unrestricted number of items.
{
local a=$1 op=$2 b=$3 al=${1##*.} bl=${3##*.}
while [[ $al =~ ^[[:digit:]] ]]; do al=${al:1}; done
while [[ $bl =~ ^[[:digit:]] ]]; do bl=${bl:1}; done
local ai=${a%$al} bi=${b%$bl}
local ap=${ai//[[:digit:]]} bp=${bi//[[:digit:]]}
ap=${ap//./.0} bp=${bp//./.0}
local w=1 fmt=$a.$b x IFS=.
for x in $fmt; do [ ${#x} -gt $w ] && w=${#x}; done
fmt=${*//[^.]}; fmt=${fmt//./%${w}s}
printf -v a $fmt $ai$bp; printf -v a "%s-%${w}s" $a $al
printf -v b $fmt $bi$ap; printf -v b "%s-%${w}s" $b $bl
case $op in
'<='|'>=' ) [ "$a" ${op:0:1} "$b" ] || [ "$a" = "$b" ] ;;
* ) [ "$a" $op "$b" ] ;;
esac
}
代码解释
第1行:定义局部变量:
A, op, b -比较操作数和操作符，即"3.6" > "3.5a"。 Al, a和b的bl尾字母，初始化为尾项，即“6”和“5a”。
第2行和第3行:从尾部项目中向左修剪数字，因此如果有字母，则只剩下“”和“a”。
第4行:右修剪a和b中的字母，只保留数字项的序列作为局部变量ai和bi，即“3.6”和“3.5”。 值得注意的例子:"4.01-RC2" > "4.01-RC1"得到ai="4.01" al="-RC2"和bi="4.01" bl="-RC1"。
第6行:定义局部变量:
Ap, bp - 0 ai和bi的右填充。首先只保留项间点，其中点的数量分别等于a和b的元素的数量。
第7行:然后在每个点后面添加“0”来制作填充蒙版。
第9行:局部变量:
W -项目宽度 FMT - printf格式字符串，待计算 X -暂时 IFS =。Bash以“。”分隔变量值。
第10行:计算w，最大条目宽度，它将用于对齐条目进行字典比较。在我们的例子中w=2。
第11行:通过替换$a中的每个字符创建printf对齐格式。w b美元% ${},即,“3.6”>“3.5”收益率“% 2 s % 2 s % 2 s % 2 s”。
第12行:"printf -v a"设置变量a的值。这相当于许多编程语言中的a=sprintf(…)。注意这里，通过IFS=的影响。printf的参数拆分为单独的项。
在第一个printf中，a中的项用空格左填充，同时从bp中追加足够多的“0”项，以确保结果字符串a可以与类似格式的b进行有意义的比较。
请注意，我们将bp -而不是ap附加到ai，因为ap和bp可能有不同的长度，所以这导致a和b具有相同的长度。
对于第二个printf，我们将字母部分al附加到a，并使用足够的填充来进行有意义的比较。现在a可以和b比较了。
第13行:与第12行相同，但b。
第15行:在非内置(<=和>=)操作符和内置操作符之间分割比较情况。
第16行:如果比较操作符<=，则分别测试a<b或a=b - >= a<b或a=b
第17行:测试内置比较操作符。
<>
# All tests
function P { printf "$@"; }
function EXPECT { printf "$@"; }
function CODE { awk $BASH_LINENO'==NR{print " "$2,$3,$4}' "$0"; }
P 'Note: ++ (true) and __ (false) mean that V works correctly.\n'
V 2.5 '!=' 2.5 && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.5 '=' 2.5 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 2.5 '==' 2.5 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 2.5a '==' 2.5b && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.5a '<' 2.5b && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 2.5a '>' 2.5b && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.5b '>' 2.5a && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 2.5b '<' 2.5a && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.5 '<' 3.5b && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.5 '>' 3.5b && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.5b '>' 3.5 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.5b '<' 3.5 && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.6 '<' 3.5b && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.6 '>' 3.5b && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.5b '<' 3.6 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.5b '>' 3.6 && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.5.7 '<=' 2.5.6 && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.4.10 '<' 2.4.9 && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.4.10 '<' 2.5.9 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.4.10 '<' 2.5.9 && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.4.8 '>' 2.4.10 && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.5.6 '<=' 2.5.6 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 2.5.6 '>=' 2.5.6 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.0 '<' 3.0.3 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.0002 '<' 3.0003.3 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.0002 '>' 3.0003.3 && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.0003.3 '<' 3.0002 && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.0003.3 '>' 3.0002 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 4.0-RC2 '>' 4.0-RC1 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 4.0-RC2 '<' 4.0-RC1 && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
这里是另一个没有任何外部调用的纯bash解决方案:
#!/bin/bash
function version_compare {
IFS='.' read -ra ver1 <<< "$1"
IFS='.' read -ra ver2 <<< "$2"
[[ ${#ver1[@]} -gt ${#ver2[@]} ]] && till=${#ver1[@]} || till=${#ver2[@]}
for ((i=0; i<${till}; i++)); do
local num1; local num2;
[[ -z ${ver1[i]} ]] && num1=0 || num1=${ver1[i]}
[[ -z ${ver2[i]} ]] && num2=0 || num2=${ver2[i]}
if [[ $num1 -gt $num2 ]]; then
echo ">"; return 0
elif
[[ $num1 -lt $num2 ]]; then
echo "<"; return 0
fi
done
echo "="; return 0
}
echo "${1} $(version_compare "${1}" "${2}") ${2}"
还有更简单的解决方案，如果你确定所讨论的版本在第一个点后不包含前导零:
#!/bin/bash
function version_compare {
local ver1=${1//.}
local ver2=${2//.}
if [[ $ver1 -gt $ver2 ]]; then
echo ">"; return 0
elif
[[ $ver1 -lt $ver2 ]]; then
echo "<"; return 0
fi
echo "="; return 0
}
echo "${1} $(version_compare "${1}" "${2}") ${2}"
这适用于像1.2.3 vs 1.3.1 vs 0.9.7这样的版本，但不适用于其他版本 1.2.3 vs 1.2.3.0或1.01.1 vs 1.1.1
如果你有coreutils-7 (Ubuntu Karmic，而不是Jaunty)，那么你的排序命令应该有一个-V选项(版本排序)，你可以使用它来进行比较:
verlte() {
[ "$1" = "`echo -e "$1\n$2" | sort -V | head -n1`" ]
}
verlt() {
[ "$1" = "$2" ] && return 1 || verlte $1 $2
}
verlte 2.5.7 2.5.6 && echo "yes" || echo "no" # no
verlt 2.4.10 2.4.9 && echo "yes" || echo "no" # no
verlt 2.4.8 2.4.10 && echo "yes" || echo "no" # yes
verlte 2.5.6 2.5.6 && echo "yes" || echo "no" # yes
verlt 2.5.6 2.5.6 && echo "yes" || echo "no" # no
