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2024-10-05 07:00:02

如何比较两个字符串在点分开的版本格式在Bash?

是否有办法在bash上比较这些字符串，例如:2.4.5和2.8和2.4.5.1?

当前回答

我实现了一个函数，返回与Dennis Williamson相同的结果，但使用更少的行数。它最初执行一个健全性检查，导致1..0从他的测试中失败(我认为应该是这样)，但他所有的其他测试都通过了这段代码:

#!/bin/bash
version_compare() {
    if [[ $1 =~ ^([0-9]+\.?)+$ && $2 =~ ^([0-9]+\.?)+$ ]]; then
        local l=(${1//./ }) r=(${2//./ }) s=${#l[@]}; [[ ${#r[@]} -gt ${#l[@]} ]] && s=${#r[@]}

        for i in $(seq 0 $((s - 1))); do
            [[ ${l[$i]} -gt ${r[$i]} ]] && return 1
            [[ ${l[$i]} -lt ${r[$i]} ]] && return 2
        done

        return 0
    else
        echo "Invalid version number given"
        exit 1
    fi
}
2016-12-29 00:16:33

其他回答

我不喜欢这些解决方案，因为它们漏洞百出、不可移植等等。

我(目前)努力提出一个更好的解决方案……src: version_compare(),测试

Sorta-copied /贴在这里……

来源:

##
# Compare two versions.
#
# **Usage:** version_compare version1 operator version2
#
# - operator:
#
#   + ``lesser_than``, ``-lt``, ``<``
#   + ``lesser_than_or_equal``, ``-le``, ``<=``
#   + ``greater_than``, ``-gt``, ``>``
#   + ``greater_than_or_equal``, ``-ge``, ``>=``
#   + ``equal``, ``-eq``, ``==``
#   + ``not_equal``, ``-ne``, ``!=``
#
# - version{1,2}: arbitrary version strings to compare
#
# **Version Format:** ``[0-9]+($VERSION_SEPARATOR[0-9]+)*`` (i.e. 1, 1.0, 90, 1.2.3.4)
#
# **Returns:** true if comparison statement is correct
##
version_compare() {
    _largest_version "$1" "$3"; _cmp="$(printf '%s' "$?")"

    # Check for valid responses or bail early
    case "$_cmp" in
        1|0|2) :;;
        *) _die "$_cmp" 'version comparison failed';;
    esac

    # The easy part
    case "$2" in
        'lesser_than'|'-lt'|'<')
            [ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
            ;;
        'lesser_or_equal'|'-le'|'<=')
            [ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
            [ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
            ;;
        'greater_than'|'-gt'|'>')
            [ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
            ;;
        'greater_or_equal'|'-ge'|'>=')
            [ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
            [ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
            ;;
        'equal'|'-eq'|'==')
            [ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
            ;;
        'not_equal'|'-ne'|'!=')
            [ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
            [ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
            ;;
        *) _die 7 'Unknown operatoration called for version_compare().';;
    esac
    return 1
}

##
# Print a formatted (critical) message and exit with status.
#
# **Usage:** _die [exit_status] message
#
# - exit_status: exit code to use with script termination (default: 1)
# - message: message to print before terminating script execution
##
_die() {
        # If first argument was an integer, use as exit_status
        if [ "$1" -eq "$1" ] 2>/dev/null; then
                _exit_status="$1"; shift
        else
                _exit_status=1
        fi

        printf '*** CRITICAL: %s ***\n' "$1"
        exit "$_exit_status"
}

##
# Compare two versions.
# Check if one version is larger/smaller/equal than/to another.
#
# **Usage:** _largest_version ver1 ver2
#
# Returns: ($1 > $2): 1 ; ($1 = $2): 0 ; ($1 < $2): 2
# [IOW- 1 = $1 is largest; 0 = neither ; 2 = $2 is largest]
##
_largest_version() (
    # Value used to separate version components
    VERSION_SEPARATOR="${VERSION_SEPARATOR:-.}"

    for _p in "$1" "$2"; do
        [ "$(printf %.1s "$_p")" = "$VERSION_SEPARATOR" ] &&
            _die 7 'invalid version pattern provided'
    done

    # Split versions on VER_SEP into int/sub
    _v="$1$2"
    _v1="$1"
    _s1="${1#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}"
    if [ "$_v1" = "$_s1" ]; then
        _s1=''
        _m1="$_v1"
    else
        _m1="${1%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*}"
    fi
    _v2="$2"
    _s2="${2#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}"
    if [ "$_v2" = "$_s2" ]; then
        _s2=''
        _m2="$_v2"
    else
        _m2="${2%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*}"
    fi

    # Both are equal
    [ "$_v1" = "$_v2" ] && return 0

    # Something is larger than nothing (30 < 30.0)
    if [ -n "$_v1" ] && [ ! -n "$_v2" ]; then
        return 1
    elif [ ! -n "$_v1" ] && [ -n "$_v2" ]; then
        return 2
    fi

    # Check for invalid
    case "$_m1$_m2" in
        *[!0-9]*)
            _die 7 'version_compare called with unsupported version type'
            ;;
    esac

    # If a ver_sep is present
    if [ "${_v#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}" != "$_v" ]; then
        # Check for a larger "major" version number
        [ "$_m1" -lt "$_m2" ] && return 2
        [ "$_m1" -gt "$_m2" ] && return 1

        # Compare substring components
        _largest_version "$_s1" "$_s2"; return "$?"
    else
        # Only integers present; simple integer comparison
        [ "$_v1" -lt "$_v2" ] && return 2
        [ "$_v1" -gt "$_v2" ] && return 1
    fi
)

测试:

# Simple test of all operators
( version_compare '1' 'lesser_than' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'equal' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' 'not_equal' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'greater_than' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '-lt' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-eq' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-gt' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1

# Semver test of primary operators (expect true)
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-lt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-eq' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-ne' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-gt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1

# Semver test of primary operators (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-lt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-eq' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-ne' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1

# Mismatched version strings (expect true)
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '7.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1

# Mismatched version strings (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.0' '-eq' '7.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1

# Invalid operation supplied
( version_compare '2' '-inv' '1' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1

# Invalid version formats
( version_compare '1..0' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1..0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1.0b7' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0a' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1

# "how does that handle comparing 10.0.0 (not a number) to 2.0 (a number)?"
( version_compare '10.0.0' '-lt' '2.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '10.0' '-gt' '2.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1

# not less/greater-than... but equal
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1

# String vs. numerical comparison
( version_compare '1.18.1' '-gt' '1.8.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1


# Random tests found on the internet
( version_compare '1' '==' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '<' '2.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.4.10' '>' '3.0.4.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '4.08' '<' '4.08.01' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2.1.9.8144' '>' '3.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2' '<' '3.2.1.9.8144' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.2' '<' '2.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '>' '1.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '5.6.7' '==' '5.6.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.01.1' '==' '1.1.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.1.1' '==' '1.01.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0.0' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
2020-11-28 10:12:04

可能没有普遍正确的方法来实现这一点。如果您正在尝试比较Debian包系统中的版本，请尝试dpkg——compare-versions <first> <relation> <second>。

2010-10-26 12:59:31

下面是一个不使用外部命令的简单Bash函数。它适用于包含最多三个数字部分的版本字符串-小于3也是可以的。它可以很容易地扩展为更多。它实现了=、<、<=、>、>=和!=条件。

#!/bin/bash
vercmp() {
    version1=$1 version2=$2 condition=$3

    IFS=. v1_array=($version1) v2_array=($version2)
    v1=$((v1_array[0] * 100 + v1_array[1] * 10 + v1_array[2]))
    v2=$((v2_array[0] * 100 + v2_array[1] * 10 + v2_array[2]))
    diff=$((v2 - v1))
    [[ $condition = '='  ]] && ((diff == 0)) && return 0
    [[ $condition = '!=' ]] && ((diff != 0)) && return 0
    [[ $condition = '<'  ]] && ((diff >  0)) && return 0
    [[ $condition = '<=' ]] && ((diff >= 0)) && return 0
    [[ $condition = '>'  ]] && ((diff <  0)) && return 0
    [[ $condition = '>=' ]] && ((diff <= 0)) && return 0
    return 1
}

下面是测试:

for tv1 in '*' 1.1.1 2.5.3 7.3.0 0.5.7 10.3.9 8.55.32 0.0.1; do
    for tv2 in 3.1.1 1.5.3 4.3.0 0.0.7 0.3.9 11.55.32 10.0.0 '*'; do
      for c in '=' '>' '<' '>=' '<=' '!='; do
        vercmp "$tv1" "$tv2" "$c" && printf '%s\n' "$tv1 $c $tv2 is true" || printf '%s\n' "$tv1 $c $tv2 is false"
      done
    done
done

测试输出的子集:

<snip>

* >= * is true
* <= * is true
* != * is true
1.1.1 = 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 > 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 < 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 >= 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 <= 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 != 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 = 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 > 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 < 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 >= 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 <= 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 != 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 = 4.3.0 is false
1.1.1 > 4.3.0 is false

<snip>
2017-09-26 23:26:25

我的观点是:

vercomp () {
    if [[ "${1}" == "${2}" ]]; then
        echo '0'
        return
    fi
    echo "${1}" | sed 's/\([0-9]\+\)\./\1\n/g' | {
        _RES_=-1
        for _VB_ in $(echo "${2}" | sed 's/\([0-9]\+\)\./\1\n/g'); do
            if ! read -r _VA_ || [[ "${_VB_}" -gt "${_VA_}" ]]; then
                _RES_=1
                break
            fi
        done
        read -r _VA_ && echo '-1' || echo "${_RES_}"
    }
}

语法:

vercomp VERSION_A VERSION_B

打印:

-1如果VERSION_A是最近的版本 如果两个版本相等，则为0 如果VERSION_B是最近的版本，则为1

2022-09-25 03:18:07

我实现了一个函数，返回与Dennis Williamson相同的结果，但使用更少的行数。它最初执行一个健全性检查，导致1..0从他的测试中失败(我认为应该是这样)，但他所有的其他测试都通过了这段代码:

#!/bin/bash
version_compare() {
    if [[ $1 =~ ^([0-9]+\.?)+$ && $2 =~ ^([0-9]+\.?)+$ ]]; then
        local l=(${1//./ }) r=(${2//./ }) s=${#l[@]}; [[ ${#r[@]} -gt ${#l[@]} ]] && s=${#r[@]}

        for i in $(seq 0 $((s - 1))); do
            [[ ${l[$i]} -gt ${r[$i]} ]] && return 1
            [[ ${l[$i]} -lt ${r[$i]} ]] && return 2
        done

        return 0
    else
        echo "Invalid version number given"
        exit 1
    fi
}
2016-12-29 00:16:33

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