是否有办法在bash上比较这些字符串,例如:2.4.5和2.8和2.4.5.1?
当前回答
可能没有普遍正确的方法来实现这一点。如果您正在尝试比较Debian包系统中的版本,请尝试dpkg——compare-versions <first> <relation> <second>。
其他回答
下面是一个不使用外部命令的简单Bash函数。它适用于包含最多三个数字部分的版本字符串-小于3也是可以的。它可以很容易地扩展为更多。它实现了=、<、<=、>、>=和!=条件。
#!/bin/bash
vercmp() {
version1=$1 version2=$2 condition=$3
IFS=. v1_array=($version1) v2_array=($version2)
v1=$((v1_array[0] * 100 + v1_array[1] * 10 + v1_array[2]))
v2=$((v2_array[0] * 100 + v2_array[1] * 10 + v2_array[2]))
diff=$((v2 - v1))
[[ $condition = '=' ]] && ((diff == 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '!=' ]] && ((diff != 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '<' ]] && ((diff > 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '<=' ]] && ((diff >= 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '>' ]] && ((diff < 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '>=' ]] && ((diff <= 0)) && return 0
return 1
}
下面是测试:
for tv1 in '*' 1.1.1 2.5.3 7.3.0 0.5.7 10.3.9 8.55.32 0.0.1; do
for tv2 in 3.1.1 1.5.3 4.3.0 0.0.7 0.3.9 11.55.32 10.0.0 '*'; do
for c in '=' '>' '<' '>=' '<=' '!='; do
vercmp "$tv1" "$tv2" "$c" && printf '%s\n' "$tv1 $c $tv2 is true" || printf '%s\n' "$tv1 $c $tv2 is false"
done
done
done
测试输出的子集:
<snip>
* >= * is true
* <= * is true
* != * is true
1.1.1 = 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 > 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 < 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 >= 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 <= 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 != 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 = 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 > 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 < 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 >= 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 <= 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 != 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 = 4.3.0 is false
1.1.1 > 4.3.0 is false
<snip>
下面是一个不需要任何外部工具的纯Bash版本:
#!/bin/bash
vercomp () {
if [[ $1 == $2 ]]
then
return 0
fi
local IFS=.
local i ver1=($1) ver2=($2)
# fill empty fields in ver1 with zeros
for ((i=${#ver1[@]}; i<${#ver2[@]}; i++))
do
ver1[i]=0
done
for ((i=0; i<${#ver1[@]}; i++))
do
if [[ -z ${ver2[i]} ]]
then
# fill empty fields in ver2 with zeros
ver2[i]=0
fi
if ((10#${ver1[i]} > 10#${ver2[i]}))
then
return 1
fi
if ((10#${ver1[i]} < 10#${ver2[i]}))
then
return 2
fi
done
return 0
}
testvercomp () {
vercomp $1 $2
case $? in
0) op='=';;
1) op='>';;
2) op='<';;
esac
if [[ $op != $3 ]]
then
echo "FAIL: Expected '$3', Actual '$op', Arg1 '$1', Arg2 '$2'"
else
echo "Pass: '$1 $op $2'"
fi
}
# Run tests
# argument table format:
# testarg1 testarg2 expected_relationship
echo "The following tests should pass"
while read -r test
do
testvercomp $test
done << EOF
1 1 =
2.1 2.2 <
3.0.4.10 3.0.4.2 >
4.08 4.08.01 <
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2 >
3.2 3.2.1.9.8144 <
1.2 2.1 <
2.1 1.2 >
5.6.7 5.6.7 =
1.01.1 1.1.1 =
1.1.1 1.01.1 =
1 1.0 =
1.0 1 =
1.0.2.0 1.0.2 =
1..0 1.0 =
1.0 1..0 =
EOF
echo "The following test should fail (test the tester)"
testvercomp 1 1 '>'
运行测试:
$ . ./vercomp
The following tests should pass
Pass: '1 = 1'
Pass: '2.1 < 2.2'
Pass: '3.0.4.10 > 3.0.4.2'
Pass: '4.08 < 4.08.01'
Pass: '3.2.1.9.8144 > 3.2'
Pass: '3.2 < 3.2.1.9.8144'
Pass: '1.2 < 2.1'
Pass: '2.1 > 1.2'
Pass: '5.6.7 = 5.6.7'
Pass: '1.01.1 = 1.1.1'
Pass: '1.1.1 = 1.01.1'
Pass: '1 = 1.0'
Pass: '1.0 = 1'
Pass: '1.0.2.0 = 1.0.2'
Pass: '1..0 = 1.0'
Pass: '1.0 = 1..0'
The following test should fail (test the tester)
FAIL: Expected '>', Actual '=', Arg1 '1', Arg2 '1'
这也是一个纯bash解决方案,因为printf是bash内置的。
function ver()
# Description: use for comparisons of version strings.
# $1 : a version string of form 1.2.3.4
# use: (( $(ver 1.2.3.4) >= $(ver 1.2.3.3) )) && echo "yes" || echo "no"
{
printf "%02d%02d%02d%02d" ${1//./ }
}
我使用一个函数来规范化这些数字,然后比较它们。
for循环用于将版本字符串中的八进制数转换为十进制数,例如:1.08→1 8,1.0030→1 30,2021-02-03→2021 2 3…
(用bash 5.0.17测试
#!/usr/bin/env bash
v() {
printf "%04d%04d%04d%04d%04d" $(for i in ${1//[^0-9]/ }; do printf "%d " $((10#$i)); done)
}
while read -r test; do
set -- $test
printf "$test "
eval "if [[ $(v $1) $3 $(v $2) ]] ; then echo true; else echo false; fi"
done << EOF
1 1 ==
2.1 2.2 <
3.0.4.10 3.0.4.2 >
4.08 4.08.01 <
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2 >
3.2 3.2.1.9.8144 <
1.2 2.1 <
2.1 1.2 >
5.6.7 5.6.7 ==
1.01.1 1.1.1 ==
1.1.1 1.01.1 ==
1 1.0 ==
1.0 1 ==
1.0.2.0 1.0.2 ==
1..0 1.0 ==
1.0 1..0 ==
1 1 >
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 >
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 ==
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 <
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 !=
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3+rc4 <
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1.1 <
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1-rf1 <
2021-01-03-rc1 2021-01-04 <
5.0.17(1)-release 5.0.17(2)-release <
EOF
结果:
1 1 == true
2.1 2.2 < true
3.0.4.10 3.0.4.2 > true
4.08 4.08.01 < true
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2 > true
3.2 3.2.1.9.8144 < true
1.2 2.1 < true
2.1 1.2 > true
5.6.7 5.6.7 == true
1.01.1 1.1.1 == true
1.1.1 1.01.1 == true
1 1.0 == true
1.0 1 == true
1.0.2.0 1.0.2 == true
1..0 1.0 == true
1.0 1..0 == true
1 1 > false
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 > false
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 == false
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 < true
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3~rc4 != true
1.2.3~rc2 1.2.3+rc4 < true
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1.1 < true
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1-rf1 < true
2021-01-03-rc1 2021-01-04 < true
5.0.17(1)-release 5.0.17(2)-release < true
这里一个有用的技巧是字符串索引。
$ echo "${BASH_VERSION}"
4.4.23(1)-release
$ echo "${BASH_VERSION:0:1}"
4